The invention relates to a cooling structure for a direct-current superconducting current limiter and an assembling method thereof. The cooling structure comprises a double-layer vacuumizing structureformed by a tank and an inlet-outlet line part connected to the upper portion of the tank, a magnetic body and cooling liquid are put into an inner layer of the double-layer vacuumizing structure, aninterlayer is a vacuum layer, a manhole is formed in the end of one side of the tank, and a lead angle is used in the connecting part between the tank and the inlet-outlet line part; a shielding shell and paperboards are also arranged on the inner layer of the double-layer vacuumizing structure, wherein the shielding shell is of a structure matched with an inner lay of the tank, a plurality of exhausting holes are formed in the upper portion of the shielding shell, and a plurality of liquid feeding holes are formed in the lower portion of the shielding shell; the paperboards are arranged on the outer side of the shielding shell and are of structures matched with the shielding shell, and the multiple layers of paperboards are sleeved. According to the cooling structure for the direct-current superconducting current limiter and the assembling method thereof, the bubble rising speed is increased, the liquid flow speed is increased, a superconducting magnet can be radiated, and the superconducting state is rapidly recovered; the outlet line part is of an extending rectangular structure, the distance between the shielding shell and the ground in a bubble forming area is increased during rapid cooling, it is avoided that the bubbles are discharged, and the problem of high-voltage alternating-current and direct-current insulation tolerance during rapid cooling is solved.