The invention relates to a rapid simultaneous detection method for the content of copper, zinc and iron in gold mud. A sample is dissolved by utilizing nitric acid, aqua regia, sulfuric acid and nitric-sulfuric acid; after sulfuric acid is added for smoking, a copper-zinc-iron compound is decomposed to form a corresponding oxide, HAuCl4 is decomposed to form elemental gold, and H<n-1>[AgCln]<-n+1> is decomposed to form silver chloride; after sulfuric acid is added for dissolving salts, the copper iron zinc oxide is dissolved to form sulfate; after ammonia water is added, silver-copper-zinc is transformed into corresponding ammonia complex ions, iron is transformed into iron hydroxide precipitation, and gold and iron are filtered and then separated from filtrate; after the pH value of the filtrate is adjusted by adding sulfuric acid and ammonia water, sodium chloride is added for precipitation of silver, the silver is recovered by filtering, copper in the filtrate is detected by adopting iodometry, and zinc is detected by adopting an EDTA method; and iron is detected by using a potassium dichromate method. The sample consumption is less in a detection process, precious metals can be effectively classified and recovered, the detection process is simplified, the energy consumption is reduced, and the detection efficiency is improved.