The invention provides a straight-through vacuum pipe ground cold air taking device and belongs to the technical field of solar energy. An underground air pipe is arranged to obtain cold air, a straight-through vacuum pipe conducts solar heat collection and heating to produce a high-speed air flow to be introduced into an underground air pipe outlet section, solar heat collection air outlet flow forms a pressure difference and generates extraction kinetic energy, and underground pipe cold air is taken and used. The straight-through vacuum pipe ground cold air taking device can also operate in winter to extract underground hot air. The whole taking device and the straight-through vacuum pipe both can be used as basic assemblies to be superimposed in the vertical and transverse directions in a modularization mode to obtain full power and increase the power. The underground pipe can also be connected in series or in parallel to increase the capacity. The straight-through vacuum pipe ground cold air taking device can be used for extracting geothermal energy of soil heat, earth surface water heat, underground water heat and the like. Air heat taking is harmless to soil and the groundwater environment. Full nature passive operation is achieved, and no energy and environmental cost exists. Machining and manufacturing are easy, materials can be cheap, operating maintenance is simple and convenient, and the straight-through vacuum pipe ground cold air taking device can be utilized for industrial and civilian development on occasions of heat collecting, refrigeration, air conditioning, ventilation, drying, technique processes and the like.