The invention discloses a halogen-free flame-retardant wood-plastic co-extrusion composite material and a preparation method thereof. The halogen-free flame-retardant wood-plastic co-extrusion composite material comprises a core layer and a halogen-free flame-retardant surface layer for coating the core layer, wherein the core layer comprises plant fibers, PE plastic, a compatilizer, an antioxidant, a lubricant and an inorganic filler, and the halogen-free flame-retardant surface layer comprises PE plastic, modified polypropylene fibers, an ethylene-methacrylic acid copolymer, hypophosphite, zinc borate, an interface modifier, a light stabilizer, an antioxidant and other auxiliaries. The halogen-free flame-retardant wood-plastic co-extrusion composite material disclosed by the invention isvery simple to prepare, the core layer granules and the halogen-free flame-retardant surface layer granules are firstly prepared respectively, and then co-extrusion molding is carried out. The halogen-free flame-retardant wood-plastic co-extrusion composite material has the advantages of excellent flame retardancy, high strength, excellent impact resistance, high hardness, favorable wear resistance, low water absorptivity, favorable aging resistance, favorable wear resistance, favorable scratch resistance, high wood texture and favorable antiskid effect, and is not easy to fade or mildew whenbeing used outdoors.