The invention relates to the biomedical field of high molecular materials, in particular to a nerve grafting object containing an orientation nanofiber nerve tract and a preparing method of the nerve grafting object. A core (A) composed of the nanofiber tract is placed in the middle of the nerve grafting object, a sheath (B) composed of an irregular fiber layer (B2) and an orientation layer (B1) is arranged on the outer face of the nerve grafting object, the diameter of the core (A) composed of the nanofiber tract is 2-5mm, the length of the core (A) composed of the nanofiber tract is 3-15mm, the fiber diameter of the nanofiber tract is 40-300nm, the length of the sheath (B) is 9-25mm, the orientation layer (B1) comprises parallel-arrayed fibers of 100-500nm, and the irregular fiber layer (B2) comprises disorder-arrayed fibers of 100-500nm. The technology is stable, grafting object size is adjustable, the clinic requirement is met, production efficiency is improved, industrialization is convenient, guiding performance is high, using is convenient, and practicability is improved.