The invention relates to a method for preparing high molecular weight phenolic resin fibers, comprising the following processing steps of: mixture making, chemical reaction, preparation of phenolic resins, preparation of nascent fibers, preparation of solidifying liquid, solidification reaction, and washing and drying. The method adopts phenol and aldehyde as raw materials which are prepared intothe high molecular weight phenolic resins under the condition of high temperature and high pressure; after melt-spinning, the solidification reaction is performed in the solidifying liquid and the high molecular weight phenolic resin fibers are prepared. The method has the advantages of short reaction time, high curing degree and so on; the high molecular weight phenolic resin fibers prepared by adoption of the method have high mechanical strength via test and are characterized by antiflamming, flame resistance, heat insulation, corrosion resistance and so on; the materials can be used as heat-insulating, insulating and corrosion resistant materials of an aerial aerocraft, as materials of fireproof and corrosion resistant clothes and also as materials of an acid and corrosion resistant filter, and are also raw materials of special fibers such as carbon fibers, graphite fibers, active carbon fibers, ion exchangers and so on.