The invention discloses a reagent box for simultaneously detecting diversified components of animal origin and application of the reagent box. Fluorescent primer multiplex amplification and capillary electrophoresis methods are combined with one another, so that the 12 components of animal origin can be simultaneously detected by the aid of the reagent box, and a plurality of groups of specific primers can be designed by the aid of Escherichia coli and selected STR (short tandem repeat) sequences of dogs, cattle, sheep, fish, pigs, ducks, chickens, rabbits, cats, horses and rats. The specific primers include specific primers PEZ1 of the dogs, specific primers BM2113 of the cattle, specific primers MAF33 of the sheep, specific primers HLJ392 of the fish, specific primers SW742 of the pigs, specific primers CAUD056 of the ducks, specific primers MCW248 of the chickens, specific primers Sat7 of the rabbits, specific primers FCA955 of the cats, specific primers HMS3 of the horses, specific primers cds of the rats and specific primers CFS073 of the Escherichia coli. The reagent box and the application have the advantages that the reagent box is good in specificity and high in sensitivity, and origin of meat can be quickly determined; multiplex amplification systems contain the primers of the Escherichia coli, and accordingly whether meet foods and products are contaminated by Escherichia coli or not can be simultaneously determined.