The invention discloses a cleaning device and method for a hollow fiber gas separation membrane module. The cleaning device is formed by the membrane module, a positive and negative bidirectional cleaning system, a ladder temperature purge system and an intermittent flow disturbance system. The positive and negative bidirectional cleaning system consists of a cleaning fluid tank, a cleaning pump, a pressure gauge, a positive and negative bidirectional cleaning pipeline and a blowoff valve. The ladder temperature purge system consists of an air compressor, a flowmeter, a control system, a heater, a purge pipeline and a blowoff valve. The intermittent flow disturbance system consists of an air compressor, a flowmeter, a control system, a disturbance gas flow generator, a check valve and a gas escape valve. The device disclosed by the invention can clean membrane modules in different pollution conditions; by a comprehensive cleaning effect of the intermittent flow disturbance system, the positive and negative bidirectional cleaning system and the ladder temperature purge system, performance of the membrane module is entirely repaired. The cleaning device and method are high in cleaning efficiency for the membrane module, good in effect, low in cost, simple in process and convenient to operate, and save enormous cost of replacing the membrane module.