The invention discloses high-strength thermal-insulation concrete, a preparation method and uses thereof, wherein the high-strength thermal-insulation concrete comprises, by weight, 240-250 parts of Portland cement, 720-740 parts of sand, 50-60 parts of fly ash, 60-70 parts of mineral powder, 810-830 parts of stone, 35-55 parts of hollow glass micro-beads, 6-9 parts of a naphthalene-based efficient water reducing agent, 180-200 parts of water, 120-125 parts of modified rubber particles, 70-75 parts of regenerated micro-powder, 10-15 parts of stone powder, 5-10 parts of silica fume, and 10-15 parts of aluminum silicate fiber. According to the present invention, the high-strength thermal-insulation concrete has the physical and mechanical properties of ordinary concrete, has good thermal insulation performance, and meets the advantages of environmental protection building materials.