The invention discloses a foamed ceramic insulation board and a preparation method thereof. The foamed ceramic insulation board is prepared from the following raw materials by weight: 35-65 parts of waste glass ceramic powder, 20-30 parts of phosphate tailing, 15-35 parts of kaolin, 5-15 parts of sodium potassium feldspar, 8-16 parts of fly ash, 4-10 parts of calcined talc, 2-10 parts of bentonite, 4-12 parts of silicon powder, 1-6 parts of talcum powder, 3-12 parts of calcium carbonate, 2-10 parts of magnesium carbonate, 5-15 parts of water glass, 1-5 parts of a foaming agent, 0.3-0.8 part of an anionic surfactant, and 0.5-1.5 part of a dispersant. The foamed ceramic insulation board provided by the invention has low thermal conductivity, fire prevention, high temperature resistance, aging resistance, low water absorption, weather resistance and other superior performance, and the preparation method is simple and is easy for implementation, therefore the foamed ceramic insulation board can be widely applied in the fields of construction, electricity and environmental protection, etc.