The invention discloses a sensor for detecting droplet concentration based on double-microsphere coupling mode splitting, and belongs to the field of optical sensing. The sensor comprises a 532 nm laser light source, a spectrum analyzer, an objective lens, a 532 nm optical filter, a microscope objective lens, a pump injector, a capillary tube, a double-microsphere coupling system, a glass substrate and a three-dimensional displacement adjusting table, wherein a solution is arranged in the pump injector, and the double-microsphere coupling system is fixedly arranged on the glass substrate. According to the invention, commercial polystyrene dye microspheres are used as a coupling resonant cavity, so that the advantages of small size, low laser threshold value and various selectable sizes are achieved; the double-microsphere coupling system is simple in structure, is adhered to the glass substrate through the low-refractive-index ultraviolet curing adhesive, and is relatively high in stability; and the concentrations of ethanol solutions with different concentrations are dropwise added at the coupling point of the double microspheres, so that the noise crosstalk caused by environmental temperature fluctuation can be eliminated while the sensing test is realized.