An environment-friendly efficient dust suction device for textile spinning comprises a bottom plate, a first filtering device, a second filtering device, a water storage device, a collection device, a third filtering device and a discharging device.A first bent rod and a second bent rod are arranged on the bottom plate; the first filtering device comprises a first frame, an air inlet funnel, a first filter screen, a plugging block, a first spring, a filter column, a sponge rod, a second spring and a first support; the second filtering device comprises a second frame, a second filter screen, a third spring, a third filter screen, a gathering block, a first pipeline, a first fan and a first transverse rod; the water storage device comprises a water tank, a slope block, a cover plate, a holding rod, a second pipeline, a first valve, a first oblique rod, a second support, a second oblique rod and a third support; the collection device comprises a collection tank, a fourth filter screen and a first supporting rod.The environment-friendly efficient dust suction device is capable of sucking dust, particle impurities and the like generated in textile spinning and discharging after multi-stage filtration and purification, so that purification of surrounding air environment of textile spinning can be realized.