The invention discloses a steel-continuous fiber composite bar and a preparation method. The steel-continuous fiber composite bar comprises a steel bar inner core, a continuous fiber layer and steel bar reinforced ribs, wherein the continuous fiber layer is arranged outside the steel bar inner core, the steel bar reinforced ribs are arranged on the outer surface of steel bars, and a bridging layercomposed of chopped fiber and resin is arranged between the steel bar inner core and the continuous fiber layer. The spacing of steel bar reinforced ribs is 1.5 times of the diameter of the bars, therib width is 23% to 25% of the diameter, and the rib depth is 0.07 to 0.08 of the diameter. According to the steel-continuous fiber composite bar, the resin is reinforced by the chopped fiber, the obtained modified resin is used for manufacturing the bridging layer, on one hand, the cooperative work performance of the steel bars and the fiber is improved, and on the other hand, the production efficiency of the bars is improved. The surface form of the bars is optimized, controllable sliding between the composite bar and concrete is achieved, and the breaking risk of the continuous fiber is reduced; and additionally, the volume ratio of the steel bars to the fiber is reasonably designed, so that the secondary rigidity of the composite bar after the steel bars are yielded is guaranteed, thedecline amount of the strength of the steel bars after the fiber is broken is reduced, and the safety performance of the structure is further improved.