91results about How to "Increase free energy" patented technology

The compositions and methods of the present invention are based, in part, on our discovery that an effector function mediated by an Fc-containing polypeptide can be altered by modifying one or more amino acid residues within the polypeptide (by, for example, electrostatic optimization). The polypeptides that can be generated according to the methods of the invention are highly variable, and they can include antibodies and fusion proteins that contain an Fc region or a biologically active portion thereof.

The invention relates to a surface oxidation modification process for waste tire rubber powder for modification of asphalt. The process comprises the following steps: dispersing waste tire rubber powder in water, adding a certain amount of oxidant, stirring at the temperature of 25-80 DEG C for 1.5 hours at constant temperature, wherein the oxidant is one of sodium dichloro isocyanurate, trichloroisocyanuric acid, sodium hypochlorite or hydrogen peroxide; the oxidant amount accounts for 3-30 percent of the mass of the waste tire rubber powder, filtering and drying to obtain the oxidized modified rubber powder after the reaction is ended, wherein the oxidized modified rubber powder serves as an asphalt modifier to prepare the rubber powder modified asphalt, so that the performance of the modified asphalt is regulated. The method is low in energy consumption, the oxidant is low in price and readily available, industrial application is easily realized, and the main performances such as the softening point, needle penetration and ductility of the modified asphalt can be effectively regulated.

A method is provided for low temperature deposition of ceramic thin films of carbides, nitrides and mixed phases such as carbo-nitrides by atomic layer deposition (ALD), nano-layer deposition (NLD), and chemical vapor deposition (CVD). The deposition chemistries employ combinations of precursors to affect thin film processes at substantially lower temperatures than current deposition processes of thin films of boron (B) carbides, nitrogen (N), nitrides, carbonitrides of silicon (Si), carbon (C), germanium (Ge), phosphorus (P), arsenic (As), oxygen (O), sulfur (S), and selenium (S) on substrates. The inventive ALD and corresponding NLD and CVD process methods provide lower temperature deposition of various thin films comprising elements from the group B, C, Si, Ge, N, P, As and O, S and Se. The reactive precursor combinations are selected on the basis of reactivity towards one another as determined by the variation of Gibb's free energy (ΔG) with respect to deposition temperature.

The invention provides a shale gas production increasing method and shale gas production increasing equipment. The shale gas production increasing method comprises the following steps of: transmitting heat energy to a shale layer of a shale gas well and raising the temperature of the shale layer by driving transmitted heat energy to realize heat transfer in the shale layer; closing shale gas well for 1-10 days; and opening the shale gas well to exploit gas. The invention also provides two kinds of shale gas production increasing equipment for realizing the shale gas production increasing method. According to the shale gas production increasing method and the shale gas production increasing equipment, the various problems in the conventional shale gas exploitation are solved, the shale gas desorption velocity and the seepage velocity are effectively increased, and further the shale gas yield is improved. The shale gas production increasing method provided by the invention is suitable for shale gas development of straight wells, horizontal wells or multi-branch wells.

The present invention provides a method for achieving high-level expression of the therapeutically important lymphokine (human IL-2). The method comprises of identifying the secondary structure in the 5′ region of human IL-2 mRNA, modifying the 5′ region of the human IL-2 DNA sequence to produce a new DNA sequence wherein the mRNA transcribed from the modified human IL-2 DNA sequence has the predicted 5′ secondary structure destabilized with increased free energy compared to that of the secondary structure of the mRNA transcribed from the native DNA sequence without altering the sequence of the encoded amino acids; and using this modified DNA sequence of human IL-2 for high level recombinant expression in a microbial host for large scale production. This method is also applicable to other expression host like yeasts and mammalian cells.

The invention provides a method utilizing a microwave technique to induce modified ardealite. The method comprises the following steps of: ball-milling the ardealite to 160-200meshes; according to the mass ratio of the ardealite and an amorphous dielectric material being 1-2: 0.05-0.1, adding the amorphous dielectric material to be mixed; putting the mixture under the conditions of 2350MHz of microwave frequencies, 750-950W of power and 100-150 DEG C of temperature to carry out microwave processing for 10-15 minutes, and then naturally cooling to the room temperature; and finally obtaining microwave induced modified ardealite. According to the method, the surface free energy, the electric potential, the average pore size and the specific surface area of the ardealite can be significantly increased. The prepared microwave induced modified ardealite can be used for adsorption of heavy metal wastewater. The method has the advantages of simple operation, low cost and high efficiency, a lot of energy sources are saved, and the secondary pollution is avoided.

The invention discloses an atmospheric pressure cold plasma modifying method for plant fiber and an application of the modifying method in a wood-plastic composite material. According to the modifying method disclosed by the invention, the plant fiber is modified through plasma, wherein the plasma is an atmospheric pressure glow discharge plasma. The method is simple and convenient, under normal pressure and free from vacuum equipment, and the method is environment-friendly, free from pollution, as well as short and efficient in treatment course; surface roughness and surface free energy of the plasma-modified plant fiber are enhanced, surface free radical is increased and interfacial compatibility with non-polar plastic is obviously improved, and the plant fiber can be used for preparing the wood-plastic composite material which is high in plant fiber content and excellent in comprehensive performance; and preparation of the composite material is excellent in social, economic and ecological benefits, and is good in market space and application prospect.

The invention is directed to methods and metric suitable for use in modulating the expression of a polypeptide encoded by a nucleic acid sequence. In certain aspects, the invention also relates to methods for introducing modifications in a polypeptide, for example through substitution of one or more nucleic acids in an untranslated sequence or in a coding sequence of a nucleic acid sequence encoding a polypeptide to increase the expression of the polypeptide.

Improved method of sintering for the manufacture of nuclear fuel comprising a fissionable ceramic material including a silica containing additive. The method includes controlling the sintering atmosphere to impede loss through vaporization of the silica.

The invention relates to an automatic reinjection water heating production increasing process of a coal-bed gas well. The process comprises the following steps: A, performing precipitation and filtration treatment on produced liquid once or for more times to remove more than 95 percent of solid particles; B, heating the treated clear liquid through solar energy to increase the water temperature to 60-90 DEG C; C, injecting hot water into a shaft through a hot water reinjection pipeline, extending the hot water reinjection pipeline to the space below a coal bed through an oil sleeve annulus and increasing the temperature of the original shaft liquid to over 20 percent; D, circularly performing the steps. The process has the advantages that the heat energy is injected into the shaft liquid in a hot water injection mode and the brownian motion of coal dust in the shaft liquid is increased so as to increase the divergence of the coal dust in the water, favorably reduce the concentration of the coal dust and discharge the coal dust, besides a part of heat energy is transferred to a coal-bed gas storage layer of an immediate vicinity of a wellbore, so that the free energy of the coal-bed gas can be increased to increase the desorption rate of the coal-bed gas, and meanwhile the gas is expanded on heating, so that a seepage passage can be expanded, the permeability of a reservoir stratum is improved and the production increase of the coal-bed gas is realized.

An insulating layer 12 is formed as a surface layer of electronic circuit chip 10. A conductor interconnect 14 is formed in the insulating layer 12. The conductor interconnect 14 is exposed in the surface of the insulating layer 12. A solder wetting metallic film 16 (a metallic film) is formed on a portion of the conductor interconnect 14 to be exposed in the surface of the insulating layer 12. Typical metallic material (second metallic material) available for composing the solder wetting metallic film 16 includes a material that requires higher free energy for forming an oxide thereof, as compared with a free energy required for forming an oxide of the metallic material composing the conductor interconnect 14.

The invention belongs to the field of crystalline silicon solar cells, and relates to a heterojunction solar cell and a preparation method thereof. The method mainly solves the technical problems that in the prior art, due to the fact that the thermal stability of a P-type doping layer of a heterojunction solar cell is poor, B atoms are likely to diffuse and enter an amorphous silicon intrinsic layer and the optical forbidden band width of the P-type doping layer formed through doping of pure diborane gas is low, the defect state density of boron-doped amorphous silicon and the recombination current density of an emitting electrode are increased due to doping of high-concentration diborane gas, and the design of a P-type doping layer is imperfect. The scheme provides the heterojunction solar cell and the preparation method thereof. The method comprises the steps: designing P-type doped layer into a laminated structure which comprises a first P-type doped layer which is in contact with an intrinsic amorphous silicon layer and contains trimethyl boron gas deposition, and at least two layers of overall layered structures with gradually increased boron doping concentration deposited by trimethyl boron and diborane gas. The preparation steps are simple, the cost is low, and the obtained heterojunction solar cell is excellent in performance.

The invention relates to a hydrogen decrepitation process for sintered Nd-Fe-B permanent magnets and belongs to the technical field of magnetic materials. The hydrogen decrepitation process includes melting metal materials, quickly solidifying the metal materials into cast pieces, activating the cast pieces under a certain condition, namely heating the cast pieces to 60-150 DEG C, adding a certain amount of CO (carbon monoxide) in flow of 10-100mL/min, then increasing reaction speed of metal slices and hydrogen, and crushing the cast pieces under a certain pressure of hydrogen. The hydrogen decrepitation process comprises a hydrogen decrepitation pretreatment process, and the follow-up process includes regrinding the powder through a micronizer, forming and pressing the fine powder and sintering to manufacture the sintered Nd-Fe-B permanent magnets. The hydrogen decrepitation process has the advantages that sufficiency and uniformity of the sintered Nd-Fe-B cast pieces in hydrogen reaction are improved, size distribution of regrinding of the cast pieces is improved, magnetic performance of the sintered Nd-Fe-B permanent magnets is improved, and performance of the sintered Nd-Fe-B magnets is consequently improved.

The invention is concerned with a method of forming a single crystal of a ceramic, semiconductive or magnetic material. The method according to the invention comprises the steps of (a) compacting a nanocrystalline powder comprising particles having an average particle size of 0.05 to 20 mum and each formed of an agglomerate of grains with each grain comprising a nanocrystal of a ceramic, semiconductive or magnetic material; and (b) sintering the compacted powder obtained in step (a) at a temperature sufficient to cause an exaggerated growth of at least one of the grains, thereby obtaining at least one single crystal of aforesaid material. Instead of sintering the compacted powder, it is also possible to contact same with a template crystal of the aforesaid material, and to heat the compacted powder and template crystal in contact with one another so as to cause a sustained directional growth of the template crystal into the compacted powder, thereby obtaining a single crystal having a size larger than the template crystal. By using nanocrystalline powders, the temperature of operation for crystal growth is reduced, the rate of crystal growth increases, and crystals with large size and with very little or no porosity or inclusions can be obtained.

The invention discloses an implant with a surface active coating. Screw threads are arranged on an outer side wall of the implant, and are sequentially divided into a cortical bone decompression screwthread section, a cortical bone cutting screw thread section, a cancellous bone extruding screw thread section and a cancellous bone cutting screw thread section from top to bottom; screw pitches ofthe screw threads are increased from top to bottom; a self-tapping groove is formed in the cancellous bone cutting screw thread section; a screw thread is arranged in the implant; a titanium-based bottom layer is arranged on the surface of the implant; a titanium dioxide layer containing calcium phosphate is covered on the outer surface of the titanium-based bottom layer; a polyelectrolyte layer is covered on the outer surface of the titanium dioxide layer containing the calcium phosphate. According to the implant with the surface active coating provided by the invention, the implant is provided with the four different screw threads so as to produce different lateral pressures on a cortical bone and a cancellous bone when screwing into a jaw bone, so that the initial stability of the implant is facilitated, the superior initial stability is favorable for osseointegration, and the surface of the implant is endowed with a favorable antibacterial property through polylysine bacteriostasis.

The invention provides a preparation method for lithium ion battery cathode material fluorine-doped lithium vanadate with circulatory stability. The preparation method includes adding a vanadium source and a lithium source into deionized water to perform dispersion to obtain suspension A; adding complexing agent into the deionized water to obtain complexing agent liquor B; dripping the complexing agent liquor B into the suspension A to obtain clarified transparent liquor C; adding a fluorine source into the liquor C, and stirring, evaporating and drying the liquor C to obtain a blue lithium vanadate precursor; pre-sintering the blue lithium vanadate precursor in reducing atmosphere or inert atmosphere after grinding and smashing to obtain a grey lithium vanadate precursor; pre-sintering the grey lithium vanadate precursor in reducing atmosphere or inert atmosphere after grinding and smashing to obtain the fluorine-doped lithium vanadate. The preparation method has the advantages that fluorine doping and sintering are performed during complexometry-based lithium vanadate synthesis, and accordingly, electrochemical performance and electric conductivity of the material are improved.

The invention discloses a device for accelerating uniform water diffusion of an unsaturated soil sample. A soil sample sealing device (2) is fixedly arranged on a vibrating platform (3); the soil sample sealing device (2) is covered by a temperature controlled heat-insulating box (4); a heating device acting on the soil sample sealing device (2) is arranged on the temperature controlled heat-insulating box (4); a cold air inlet (6) and a cold air outlet (7) are formed in the temperature controlled heat-insulating box (4); a water sample (1) is sealed by the soil sample sealing device (2) and is fixedly arranged on the vibrating platform (3); and the vibrating platform is arranged in the temperature controlled heat-insulating box (4) in a covering manner. By virtue of the microwave heating function of the heat-insulating box, the soil sample is heated to 60-70 DEG C, the vibrating platform is started and then is turned off after vibrating for a certain time, after a certain time interval, the soil sample is cooled to 0-10 DEG C by virtue of the cooling function of the heat-insulating box and then the soil sample is kept for a certain time interval. The device disclosed by the invention is used for making an unsaturated soil test piece which is uniform in moisture content in an unsaturated soil test, and the test piece making time can be greatly shorted.