The invention relates to primers and kit for rapidly detecting African swine fever virus. Four primers are provided, the kit comprises the primers for detecting nucleic acid of the African swine fevervirus and 18 [mu]L of a reaction solution, and the reaction solution comprises the following reagents: 1.8 [mu]L of 40 mM KCl, 1.8 [mu]L of 100 mM(NH4)2SO4, 1.8 [mu]L of 80 mM MgSO4, 1.8 [mu]L of 1%Tween-20, 0.9 [mu]L of28 mM dNTPs, 1.8 [mu]L of 8000 U / mL Bst enzyme, 0.18 [mu]L of 60 U specific endonuclease FEN1, 0.9 [mu]L of 1 mM SYBRGREEN fluorochrome, 1.8 [mu]L of 4.0*10<-5> mol / L gold nanoparticles and 0.22 [mu]L of ultrapure water. Compared with the prior art, the primers and kit for rapidly detecting the African swine fever virus have the following advantages: four different specific primers are provided, so that the accuracy of detection results for the African swine fever virus is higher, accurate detection results can be rapidly given in combination with an improved LAMP technology and a microfluidic chip technology, and the purpose of jointing detecting multiple different indexes of the same sample can be achieved.