The invention relates to an environment-friendly sewage nitrogen and phosphorus removal cleaning agent and a preparation method thereof. The environment-friendly sewage nitrogen and phosphorus removal cleaning agent is characterized in that the cleaning agent contains 40-80 percentage by weight of biological black wood charcoal, 0-20 percentage by weight of hydrated iron oxide, 0-20 percentage by weight of attapulgite and 0-20 percentage by weight of cement on the basis of the total weigh of the cleaning agent. The cleaning agent preparation method comprises the following steps of: (1) uniformly mixing the powdery iological black wood charcoal, the hydrated iron oxide, the attapulgite, the cement and the like by weight percent; and (2) processing the mixture obtained in step (1) into granulates. The cleaning agent provided by the invention has the advantages of large specific surface, suitability for purification of multiple water bodies, reliable purification effect of sewage, low construction cost, convenience for use, environmental friendliness, wide source of raw materials, stable property of basic component materials and contribution to construction of a circular economy pattern.