The invention belongs to the technical field of biomass pyrolysis and mainly provides a biomass pyrolysis and catalytic cracking system based on regenerative radiant tube heating. The system comprises the following parts: a pyrolysis hopper, a first feeding device, a pyrolysis and catalytic cracking reactor, a cracked gas cyclone separator, a spray tower and a gas tank, wherein the pyrolysis and catalytic cracking reactor comprises a feeding hole, a pyrolysis chamber, a cracking chamber, a cracked gas outlet, regenerative radiant tubes, a heat insulating brick wall, a catalyst adding device and a communicating component. The system has the beneficial effects that the reaction system has a simple structure, is convenient to operate, is uniform in temperature distribution and has good heating effects; the oil gas generated in the pyrolysis chamber can undergo deep cracking in the cracking chamber to crack macromolecular tar molecules into micromolecular gaseous hydrocarbon; the reaction system can generate plenty of cracked gas products, thus avoiding the problem that the pyrolysis oil contains dust and truly achieving clean and efficient utilization of fossil fuel.