The invention relates to an inorganic aqueous surface treatment agent for a single-face electrogalvanized, chromium free surface treated steel plate, a single-face electrogalvanized, chromium-free surface treated steel plate used for fuel tanks and a process of making the same. The inorganic aqueous surface treatment agent for a single-face electrogalvanized, chromium free surface treated steel plate comprises the following components: one or more metallic ion compounds comprising at least one of Zn2+, Mn2+, Mg2+, Ni2+, Al3+ and Ca2+; one or more vanadium compounds comprising at least one of V4+ and V5+; one or more compounds comprising at least one of phosphoric acid, pyrophosphoric acid, metaphosphoric acid, organic phosphoric acid and the ammonium salts thereof; one or more fluoric acid compounds comprising at least one of Zr, Ti, Si and Ha; one or more silane coupling agents comprising at least one of vinyl silane coupling agent, amino silane coupling agent, epoxy silane coupling agent and acryloxy silane coupling agent; a silica sol having a particle diameter less than 100 nm; one or more surfactants comprising at least one of carboxylate, sulfuric acid ester salt, sulfonate and phosphoric acid ester salt; wherein the total solid content in the inorganic aqueous surface treatment agent is 2 wt %-20 wt % of the surface treatment agent. The process for preparing the single-face electrogalvanized chromium-free surface treated steel plate used for fuel tanks comprises the steps of coating the plated surface of the single-face electrogalvanized steel plate with the above surface treatment agent, solidifying at a temperature of 70-100° C., and finally oil finishing on the surface to produce a skin film resulting from the surface treatment with a weight of 100-600 mg/m2.