The invention discloses a heat-absorbing, heat-storage and water-collecting integrated solar drying system, which comprises a heat-absorbing module, a heat-storage module, a heat-conducting module, adrying module, a fan, a water-collecting module and a temperature-control module. The heat-absorbing module is connected with the heat-storage module through the heat-conducting module, and the heat-storage module comprises a metal sponge, an organometallic framework loaded on the metal sponge, and a hydrate salt loaded on the organometallic framework; the drying module comprises a material frame,a conveying belt, a hot air inlet, an air outlet, a transparent cover, a heat-storage space and a heat-insulating layer; the fan is placed at the hot air inlet, the heat-absorbing module and the heat-storage module are connected to the heat-storage space through the hot air inlet, and the heat-storage space is coated with the heat-insulating layer; and the water-collecting module is connected with the heat-storage module through a pipeline. The multiple functions of heat absorbing, heat storage, heat releasing and water collecting are integrated, the problem of unstable and discontinuous solar energy and the problem of effective energy storage and heat storage are solved, the drying speed is high, the drying time is short, and various materials at different temperatures can be dried simultaneously.