The invention discloses a metallurgical fly ash closed collection and treatment and transportation system and technology. The metallurgical fly ash closed collection and treatment and transportation system comprises a fly ash main storage unit, a filter storage unit, a fluidized variable temperature unit, a pneumatic transportation unit and a diffusing unit. The fly ash main storage unit is used for storing fly ashes. The filter storage unit includes a filter module, a coarse material storage module and a fine material storage module, the filter module is used for performing vibration screening on the fly ashes, the fine material storage module is used for fine materials, and the coarse material storage module is used for grinding and storage of coarse materials. The fluidized variable temperature unit is used for heating and dehydrating, cooling or pressurized fluidizing on fine materials and/or the coarse materials. The pneumatic transportation unit is used for transporting the fly ashes to subsequent equipment. The diffusing unit is used for ensuring the pressure balance between the fly ash main storage unit, the filter storage unit and the fluidized variable temperature unit. The metallurgical fly ash closed collection and treatment and transportation system can realize the functions of fly ash collection, screening, grinding, heating, cooling, pressurized fluidizing, storing, pneumatic transporting and the like in a closed system.