The invention relates to a method for preparing
pyridine bases. The
pyridine bases are prepared by taking
formaldehyde,
acetaldehyde and
ammonia as raw materials through the steps of carrying out
chemical synthesis on the
formaldehyde, the
acetaldehyde and the
ammonia in a
fixed bed reactor in the presence of a catalyst at a temperature of 350 to 550 DEG C so as to obtain a high-temperature gas containing the
pyridine bases; condensing the high-temperature gas so as to obtain a solution containing the pyridine bases, and carrying out
ammonia absorption and steam stripping on the uncondensable ammonia-containing gas; then recovering the obtained ammonia and feeding the ammonia to the
fixed bed reactor to be used as raw materials; extracting the obtained solution by
benzene, then respectively obtaining a
benzene solution containing the pyridine bases and a water solution containing a small amount of ammonia,
benzene and pyridine bases, etc., after the solutions are processed, feeding the solutions to a
combustion furnace to burn at a temperature of 1000 to 1200 DEG C; then discharging the solutions; feeding the benzene solution containing the pyridine bases into a benzene stripper to carry out steam stripping, then respectively obtaining benzene and pyridine base liquor, feeding the pyridine base liquor into different rectifying towers to carry out rectification under normal pressure or negative pressure, then respectively obtaining pyridine, 3-
picoline and 2-
picoline. The method in the invention has the advantages of low
material consumption, high total yield, less catalyst consumption, and low
energy consumption, and is simple in operation.