95 results about "Dissolved organic carbon" patented technology

A process is provided for the recovery of useful products, including fertilizers and nutritional supplements, from the organic matter and minerals contained in seawater and other brines. The dissolved organic carbon-based chemicals and suspended particulate carbon-based organic matter are co-precipitated together with the contained magnesium and / or calcium, along with incidental trace minerals, entrained water and water of hydration. Caustic soda (NaOH) and other alkali base or alkaline earth bases and / or carbon dioxide (CO2) are added to the brine until a pH of 10.75 to 11.0 is achieved. The settled or non-dry filtered or centrifuged precipitate is utilized as a slurry and the supernatant brine is discarded.

A process is provided for the recovery of useful products, including fertilizers and nutritional supplements, from the organic matter and minerals contained in seawater and other brines. The dissolved organic carbon-based chemicals and suspended particulate carbon-based organic matter are co-precipitated together with the contained magnesium and / or calcium, along with incidental trace minerals, entrained water and water of hydration. An alkali base and / or alkaline earth base are added to the brine until a pH of 10.75 to 11.0 is achieved. The settled or non-dry filtered or centrifuged precipitate is utilized as a slurry and the supernatant brine is discarded.

The invention discloses an evaluation method of soil organic carbon (SOC) storage in ecological forest, which belongs to the field of environmental monitor technology and low carbon economy and technology in forestry ecology. In the preparation method, the attribute data of the soil landscape type are obtained and subject to characteristic analysis to acquire the landscape pattern information. Soil typical sections are excavated and layered, and soil samples are collected and pre-treated. SOC information of the above soil samples is determined by potassium bichromate volumetric method and SOC estimation model is established thereby. Quantitative estimation of the SOC storage is carried out and multivariate data of the ecological forest are obtained. Temporal and spatial features and change law of soil organic carbon are analyzed. Characteristics and regularities of ecological effect of the ecological forest with carbon as the core are reflected by the method of the invention. The method also reflects the change law and objective characteristics of ecological forests comprehensively and systematically, thereby guiding the objective practice of CO2 emission reduction and the eco-economic development.

The invention provides a plain area soil organic carbon three-dimensional space distribution simulation method. The method comprises the steps of (1) fitting a soil organic carbon profile change optimal depth function and determining function parameters; (2) analyzing influence factors of soil organic carbon profile depth function parameters; and (3) constructing and calculating a three-dimensional space distribution simulation model. According to the invention, environment auxiliary variables for simulating soil property spatial distribution in a smooth terrain area are constructed; a soil depth transfer function and a regression Kriging method are used to establish a soil organic carbon three-dimensional space distribution simulation model in the smooth terrain area; the three-dimensional space distribution simulation method research of the soil organic carbon in the region is carried out; a reliable simulation method can be provided for accurately mastering soil organic carbon three-dimensional space-time evolution information under the high-strength agricultural utilization background of the terrain smooth area, and a method reference can be provided for accurately estimating the organic carbon reserve of the area and guaranteeing the soil safety and the grain safety.

The invention discloses a percolate and a method for evaluating bioavailability of heavy metals in water polluted thereby. The method comprises the following main steps: collecting the percolate and / or water polluted by the percolate; extracting and purifying a sample; assaying and regulating the concentration of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in the sample; assaying the heavy metal content of the regulated sample; performing three-dimensional fluorescence spectrum scanning on the regulated sample; performing parallel factor analysis on the scanning data; performing correlation analysis on the concentration of the heavy metals in the sample and a relative component concentration value obtained in the parallel factor analysis; and according to a result of the correlation analysis, evaluating the bioavailability of the heavy metals. The method is easy and safe to operate, short in required analysis time and low in analysis cost.

A process for removing DOC (dissolved organic carbon) from a concentrated salt solution containing DOC by contacting the salt solution with a coagulant / flocculant such that the DOC becomes insoluble and removing the insoluble DOC from the salt solution.

The present invention relates to water treatment, in particular to a process for the removal of dissolved organic carbon from water. The process includes the following steps, adding an ion-exchange resin to water containing a contaminant such as dissolved organic carbon, dispersing the resin in the contaminated water to enable adsorption of the dissolved organic carbon onto the resin, and separating the resin loaded with contaminant from the water. In a preferred embodiment the process employs a magnetic ion-exchange resin.

A process for removing DOC (dissolved organic carbon) from a concentrated salt solution containing DOC by contacting the salt solution with a coagulant / flocculant such that the DOC becomes insoluble and removing the insoluble DOC from the salt solution.

The invention discloses a composite microbial inoculum for composting organic materials and a preparation method thereof. The microbial inoculum mainly comprises pichia pastoris, lactobacillus acidophilus, bacillus coagulans, enterococcus faecalis, bacillus natto, bacillus subtilis, aspergillus nidulans, white-rot fungi, aspergillus usamii, trichoderma harzianum, trichoderma reesei and aspergillus niger. The preparation method comprises the following steps: first classifying the microorganisms into bacteria, yeasts and filamentous fungi, then performing mixed culture on the same class of microorganisms till quality requirements are met, and then compounding according to the following proportions: 20-70 parts of bacteria, 30-60 parts of yeasts and 50-80 parts of filamentous fungi. The compositing microbial inoculum prepared by the preparation method has the advantages of fast fermentation start during composting fermentation, high temperature in the composting process, a long high-temperature period and fast organic material decomposition. An organic fertilizer prepared by using the microbial inoculum is good in quality; compost has a fertility-retaining function, has high effective utilization rate of a large number of elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and has the effects of dissolving phosphorus, dissolving potassium and fixing nitrogen; compared with a control group which is not inoculated with the microbial inoculum, a product provided by the invention has the advantages as follows: the content of water-soluble organic carbon is increased by about 2 times, the total humic acid content is increased by about 1 times or above, and the content of biochemical fulvic acid is increased by about 2 times.

The present invention relates to water treatment, in particular to a process for the removal of dissolved organic carbon from water. The process includes the following steps, adding an ion-exchange resin to water containing a contaminant such as dissolved organic carbon, dispersing the resin in the contaminated water to enable adsorption of the dissolved organic carbon onto the resin, and separating the resin loaded with contaminant from the water. In a preferred embodiment the process employs a magnetic ion-exchange resin.

The invention discloses an organic carbon mineralized culture apparatus and a method for determining soil organic carbon mineralized rate by utilizing the apparatus without soil, and in particular relates to the culture apparatus and the method of determining soil organic carbon mineralized rate by utilizing the apparatus. According to the invention, the apparatus and the mehtod aim to solve the problems that the experimental error of culture apparatus is large, continuous sampling is difficult, and the test method only determines CO2 and does not determine CH4 in the existing alkali liquor absorption method, gas chromatography and infrared gas analyzer method. The culture apparatus consists of a biochemistry culture pin, a valve, a rubber stopper, a connecting pipe and a wild-mouth bottle. The method comprises the steps of taking the apparatus; preparing and collecting microorganism inoculation liquid and water-soluble organic carbon mother liquor; preparing a culture solution; assembling a sample device; assembling a blank device; cultivating; and determining. The experimental error of the apparatus provided by the invention is decreased to less than 5 percent; continuous sampling can be carried out. With the adoption of the method provided by the invention, rates of discharge of CO2 and CO4 can be determined at the same time. The apparatus and the method can be used to determine the soil organic carbon mineralized rate.

The invention relates to a technology for purifying and treating ammonia-nitrogen wastewater by using an adsorption method and particularly relates to an adsorbent, a preparation process thereof and an application of the adsorbent to the purification of ammonia-nitrogen wastewater with medium-low concentration. An iron-plated woodchip adsorbent provided by the invention is composed of woodchips and Fe(OH)3. The preparation process comprises the following steps of: washing woodchips by using water for 1-3 times to remove impurities, drying, crushing and screening to ensure that the mass percentage of the woodchips with the particle sizes of 198-350mum is larger than or equal to 80%; subjecting a FeCl3 solution with the concentration of 0.15-0.25mol / L and a NaOH solution to reaction to generate a Fe(OH)3 suspension liquid; and then, sufficiently mixing the screened woodchips and the Fe(OH)3 suspension liquid according to the solid-to-liquid ratio of 0.6-1.0g / 10mL, carrying out hydrothermal treatment at the temperature of 30-50 DEG C for 1.5-3h, washing a product by using water until the product is neutral, carrying out suction filtration, and drying the product. When the adsorbent is used for purifying the ammonia-nitrogen wastewater with medium-low concentration, the removal rate of NH4<+>-N is larger than or equal to 90%, and the removal rate of COD (Dissolved Organic Carbon) is larger than or equal to 75%.

A process for treating a water stream containing dissolved organic carbon and dissolved salts comprises subjecting the water stream to reverse osmosis after a pre-treatment step to reduce the amount of dissolved organic carbon directed in water to the reverse osmosis treatment step. The preferred pre-treatment step is a membrane treatment step such as nanofiltration. The process enables treatment of complex effluents including mixtures of domestic and industrial effluents. Treated water may be recycled and a treatment plant (100) employing the process forms another aspect of the invention.

The invention relates to a seawater detection technology, and aims to provide an automatic acidification reaction device for a seawater sample. The device comprises a CO2 analyzer, a four-channel acid-proof reaction tube and a digital injection pump with a six-channel switching valve. Various reagents are switched through two-position two-way electromagnetic valves and a two-position three-way electromagnetic valve. In the running process of the device, the whole process comprising sample introduction, acid addition, reaction, gas stripping and the like is controlled through a computer program, and the sample introduction quantity and reaction time of each step can be accurately controlled. Compared with the conventional laboratory detection method, the scheme has the advantages that the addition of an indicator is avoided, and subjective judgment errors of an operator are avoided; a small amount of sample is required, a reactor is convenient to operate, and a container is high in air tightness; and more importantly, the method is applicable to sailing continuous automatic determination, the capability of acquiring oceanic field scientific research data can be greatly improved, and dissolved organic carbon in surface seawater can be continuously and accurately determined in a sailing way.

The invention provides a preparation method of a catalytic functional ceramic membrane. The method comprises the following steps: preparing catalytic active particles by using a reversed-phase microemulsion; preparing a ceramic membrane blend; (3) preparing a mixed pug; and preparing a molded prefabricated body through sintering: carrying out gradient heating sintering on a sintered prefabricatedbody to prepare the ceramic membrane. The invention also provides the catalytic ceramic membrane prepared by the method and application of the catalytic ceramic membrane in water treatment. The catalytic ceramic membrane provided by the invention forms a bicontinuous phase structure, and no heavy metal is leached after long-time test; the water permeability is excellent; the turbidity removal ratereaches 99.9 percent or higher; the removal rate on dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is more than 85%; the total organic carbon removal rate is 80% or above; the removal rate of CODMn is 85% or above;under the condition of the same oxidant dosage, the catalytic efficiency is improved by more than 20% compared with the catalytic efficiency of a catalytic ceramic membrane prepared by an impregnationmethod and a doping method.

The invention relates to an indirect determination method of forest soil respiration, which comprises the following five steps: 1) selecting sample points; 2) sampling soil samples; 3) determining the content of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in soil; 4) establishing the linear relation, wherein the linear relation functional expression between the soil respiration and the DOC is that: Y is equal to 0.003X plus 0.1266; and 5) actually measuring the forest soil respiration quantity, substituting the content of the DOC (unit: mg / kg) in the forest soil to be measured into the functional expression in the step 4) as X, and calculating Y which is the quantity of carbon dioxide released from the soil respiration, wherein the unit is g / m<2> / h. The method can calculate the forest soil respiration quantity by determining the dissolved organic carbon in the soil; compared with the static chamber method, the method can reduce the field workload, reduce the determination cost, be capable of carrying out batch analysis, improve the determination working efficiency, realize a small range of numerical errors and have good reliability.

The invention discloses a compound fertilizer capable of improving crop sweetness. The compound fertilizer comprises a macroelement fertilizer and a micromolecular water-soluble organic carbon complexoccupying 1% to 20% of the mass fraction of the macroelement fertilizer; the micromolecular water-soluble organic carbon complex comprises 500 to 2000 parts of micromolecular water-soluble organic carbon, 20 to 70 parts of boron, 5 to 15 parts of magnesium, 5 to 15 parts of molybdenum and 5 to 15 parts of calcium, wherein the micromolecular water-soluble organic carbon comprises 400 to 700 partsof liquid organic carbon, 700 to 1500 parts of sugar and 10 to 30 parts of amino acids. According to the fertilizer capable of improving crop sweetness, disclosed by the invention, by adopting the micromolecular water-soluble organic carbon complex comprising liquid organic carbon, sugar and amino acids, sufficient carbon sources can be provided for plant photosynthesis, and the formation of chlorophyll further can be promoted, so that the photosynthesis efficiency is improved. Moreover, the activity of enzyme participating sugar synthesis is improved in cooperation with assisted medium tracenutrient elements, and the accumulation of organic matters is quickened, the concentration of a substrate required for sugar synthesis is improved, and finally the sugar content of crops is improved.Therefore, the crops are relatively sweet in taste.

The invention relates to a soil organic carbon content prediction method based on a random forest-ordinary Kriging method. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, determining organic carbons in a soil sample; secondly, extracting environmental factors and screening the environmental factors related to the soil organic carbon content; finally, predicting the spatial distribution of the soil organic carbon content based on a random forest-ordinary Kriging model and the related environmental factors. The method provided by the invention realizes the spatial prediction of the soil organic carbon content by means of a relationship between the soil organic carbons and the environmental factors (topography, climate and vegetation).

A method and apparatus are provided for measuring the concentration of contaminants in an aqueous water system, wherein the contaminants are measured with the bioreactor containing a biofilm or microbial community which acts on the water to be analyzed to provide a measure of the amount of the dissolved organic carbon which is biodegradable. A bed for facilitating regulation of water flow through the bioreactor is provided, and an autosampling mechanism enables the measurement of total organic carbon, inorganic carbon and oxygen, between sample inflow and sample outflow at specified time intervals.

The invention discloses a biogas slurry and liquid dung treatment method which comprises the following steps: 1, decomposing, namely adding an organic carbon bacterium liquid into biogas slurry or liquid dung, so that organic matters in the biogas slurry or liquid dung are transformed into small-molecule water-soluble organic carbon, thereby obtaining an organic carbon water fertilizer, wherein the content of organic carbon nutrients in the organic carbon bacterium liquid is more than or equal to 12.5%, the content of the water-soluble organic matters is more than or equal to 25%, and the living bacteria count is more than or equal to 200 million / mL; and 2, discharging the organic carbon water fertilizer into a circular trench, planting submerged plants in the circular trench, and planting fungi on ridges on two sides of the circular trench. According to the method disclosed by the invention, the biogas slurry and liquid dung can be transformed and utilized in situ, so that circular economy is pushed, and a good ecological environment is promoted; and moreover, the organic carbon water fertilizer is used for plant cultivation, the dosage of chemical fertilizers and pesticides is reduced, and modernized agriculture shakes out shadow of chemical agriculture.

Some embodiments relate to an absorption probe for measuring an amount of dissolved organic carbon in an aqueous sample, the absorption probe comprising:a housing defining an analysis zone for the containment or passage of an aqueous sample;a light reflector disposed within said housing;an ultraviolet light emitting device disposed within said housing and operable to radiate ultraviolet light along an optical path that passes through the aqueous sample to impinge on said reflector; anda light detector disposed within said housing and operable to detect radiated light reflected from said reflector and to output a received signal from said detected reflected light, said received signal indicative of a measure of an amount of dissolved organic carbon in the aqueous sample.

The invention discloses a structure-variable soil microbial fuel cell. Based on the characteristics of a large amount of bacteria in soil and rich species in soil, soil is used as a source of microorganisms for a microbial fuel cell and electricity is produced by mixing of soil and glucose or other dissolved organic carbon. Compared with pure bacteria or activated sludge, soil can be acquired more easily and has hardly a cost and thus soil is an ideal source of microorganisms for a microbial fuel cell. The structure-variable soil microbial fuel cell can realize the transformation between a single-chamber structure and a double-chamber structure by dismounting and assembling. Two types of the structures are simple and can be transformed conveniently. In transformation, an anode chamber environment is not damaged and requirements of operation under the condition of different electron acceptors are satisfied. When the structure-variable soil microbial fuel cell has a single-chamber structure, oxygen in air is used as an electron acceptor. When the structure-variable soil microbial fuel cell has a double-chamber structure, a potassium ferricyanide solution is used as an electron acceptor. When a carbon source substrate is used up so that electric quantity is reduced, glucose or other dissolved organic carbon solutions can be added into the structure-variable soil microbial fuel cell so that electricity production is recovered.

The invention relates to the preparation technology for anode materials for lithium ion batteries, in particular to a preparation method for a spherical LiMnPO4 anode material. The preparation method is characterized by including steps as follows: (1) adding three raw materials of an Mn compound, a P compound and an Li compound into deionized water; (2) adding a dissolved organic carbon source; (3) subjecting the obtained mixed liquor to spray pyrolysis through a spray dryer to obtain LiMnPO4 precursor powder with materials evenly mixed; and (4), heating for 2-3h at 1-3kW. The invention provides a new method for preparing the spherical LiMnPO4 anode material. The raw materials are evenly mixed and dispersed in the solution; then the spray pyrolysis method is adopted for sedimentation to guarantee even mixing of the raw materials; the prepared spherical LiMnPO4 anode material is even in particle size, primary particles are nanoscale and secondary particles are micron-sized; the electrical conductivity of the material can be improved effectively; and the cycle performance and the stability of LiMnPO4 are improved.

The invention discloses a method for evaluating product quality of commodity organic fertilizer and belongs to the field of solid organic waste treatment. The method comprises the steps of measuring an organic matter content, a total nitrogen content, a moisture content, a pH (Potential of Hydrogen) value, water-soluble organic carbon, water-soluble organic nitrogen, a germinating index and electric conductivity in quality indexes of an organic fertilizer sample, measuring a near infrared spectrum of the organic fertilizer sample, establishing a correction model by a partial least squares method, validating in a leave-one-out cross-validation form to obtain a quantitative correction model, re-optimizing and re-establishing the quantitative correction model by a principal component analysis method to obtain an optimized model, and therefore measuring the quality indexes of unknown samples. The method can evaluate quality parameters of the commodity organic fertilizer quickly and cheaply. In addition, the method has the advantages of no need for a chemical reagent, no destruction, and simplicity in operation when the method evaluates the quality of the commodity organic fertilizer.

The invention discloses a testing method of a soil organic matter, and belongs to the technical field of a soil component testing method. The method includes steps of under the condition of heating by an oil bath spot, oxidizing soil organic carbon by excessive potassium dichromate- sulfuric acid solution, and performing titration on the rest potassium dichromate by ferrous sulfate standard solution; calculating organic carbon amount of the consumed potassium dichromate amount according to an oxidization correction coefficient, and then multiplying by a constant 1.724, namely, content of the soil organic matter. The testing method is characterized in that the oil bath spot is a heat-collecting type constant temperature magnetic stirring reaction oil bath spot; when the temperature of the oil bath spot is risen to 185 DEG C, the power source is immediately cut off, the heating of the oil bath spot is stopped; the whole heating process can be completed by means of afterheat of the oil bath. Fluid in a test tube cannot spray, so that the parallelism of testing data is very good, the testing result is more exact; moreover, the whole testing process is safe, easy, energy-saving, high-efficient, and worthy of popularizing.

A polymerized material produced by the polymerization of an organic amide monomer in the presence of an organic carbonate and a process for the preparation thereof. The process comprises the steps of: heating an amount of the organic anide monomer to a temperature above its melting point; first mixing an amount of an anionic initiator with at least a portion of the amount of heated organic amide mnonomer to produce an amount of activated monomer, wherein the anionic initiator is not comprised of an alkali metal; second mixing an amount of the organic carbonate with at least a portion of the amount of heated organic amide monomer to produce an amount of dissolved organic carbonate; and polymerizing the amounts of heated organic amide monomer and activated monomer in the presence of the amount of dissolved organic carbonate to produce the polymerized material.

The present invention discloses a silicon-carbon composite material and a preparation method thereof, and a lithium ion battery. The method comprises that: (1) a silicon-based material is placed into an autoclave, wherein a high-pressure environment exists in the autoclave; and a supercritical fluid having the dissolved organic carbon precursor is pumped into the autoclave by using a high pressure pump to obtain a mixture; (2) the autoclave is communicated with a pressure-releasing sealed container, and the mixture enters the pressure-releasing sealed container to obtain an organic carbon precursor-coated silicon-based material composite material; and (3) high temperature carbonization is performed under a non-oxidizing atmosphere to obtain the silicon-carbon composite material. According to the present invention, with the supercritical fluid, the organic carbon precursor is completely dispersed, such that the organic carbon precursor and the silicon-based material are uniformly mixed, the binding force is increased, the volatilizing gas-state supercritical carbon dioxide can be continuously reused after entering the pressure-releasing sealed container, and no impurity is introduced into the organic carbon precursor and silicon-based material mixture so as to further improve the rate capability of the battery.

The invention discloses a method for determining a maximum removal rate of dissolved organic matters (DOM), addition quantity of a coagulant and the pH value of effluent during strengthened coagulation treatment of drinking water. The method comprises a first step of carrying out a series of characterization on the quality of raw water (i.e., detecting such three routine indexes as dissolved organic carbon, alkalinity and the pH value of the raw water, carrying out chemical fractionation on DOM in the raw water and acquiring the percentage of each chemically fractionated component in the DOM) and a second step of inputting relevant data of characterization of the quality of the raw water into three prediction models and respectively predicting a reachable maximum removal rate of the DOM, desired addition quantity of a coagulant and the pH value of effluent through calculation after strengthened coagulation treatment of the raw water by using four coagulants. The method provided by the invention is applicable to a strengthened coagulation treatment process for drinking water without artificial regulation and control of a pH value.

The invention discloses a preparation technique for quickly realizing uniform carbon coating of a lithium iron phosphate material, and the preparation technique mainly comprises the following steps: liquid-phase mixing: dissolving 0.05-0.15 molar ratio of a dissolvable organic carbon source in a dissolvable solution, and then adding a lithium source, an iron source and a phosphorus source into the dissolvable solution in sequence at a molar ratio of (1.0-1.1):1:1; microwave chemical-combination: after the slurry is stirred, discharging the slurry in the presence of continuous stirring, then refining the granularity of the slurry, detecting and controlling the size of grains, thereafter putting the slurry in a microwave device to instantly dry the mixed materials; baking of dried materials: after collection of the dried materials is completed, putting the materials in a high-temperature rotary sintering furnace, then mixing the materials in liquid phase, implementing secondary introduction of the carbon source and microwave chemical-combination, and then putting the materials in a high-temperature furnace for baking the materials at 700-900 DEG C for 4-6 hours, thereby obtaining a carbon-coated lithium iron phosphate material with homogeneous properties and superior performance.