The invention relates to a kit used for rapidly detecting Escherichia coli O157:H7 in a sample, and a detection method thereof. The invention belongs to the technical field of immunological detection. According to the invention, a heated and deactivated Escherichia coli O157:H7 immunogen is used for immunizing a healthy New Zealand rabbit, such that a polyclonal antibody is obtained, and the polyclonal antibody is adopted as a coating antibody; a BALB/C mouse is immunized, and cell fusion is carried out, such that a monoclonal antibody is obtained, and the monoclonal antibody is adopted as a secondary antibody; and a double-antibody sandwich ELISA kit of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in foodstuffs (meat) is established. With the kit, a rapid and highly efficient detection means is provided for the detection of the residue of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in foodstuffs. The kit is advantaged in relatively low cost, relatively good stability, and relatively good repeatability. According to the invention, a detection limit is 105cfu/mL. The kit and the method are suitable for large-batch detections of samples.