This invention relates to the field of
pharmaceutical technology, and more particularly to fusion proteins of human
heavy chain ferritin or its variants with polyhedral or granular proteins and their applications. This invention fuses a
ferritin variant with a baculovirus polyhedral
protein subunit to obtain particles with a
diameter <20 nm, consisting of a polyhedral
protein outer layer and a
ferritin inner layer. The particles have an outer
diameter of 17 nm, an inner lumen of 13 nm, and are positively charged. pH adjustment enables the
depolymerization and recombination of the outer and inner
layers, allowing the encapsulation of negatively charged
insulin molecules with a
diameter >8 nm. Proteins fused with polyhedral or granular
protein subunits to wild-type or
mutant ferritin can self-assemble into
bilayer nanoparticles. The inner layer is a cage-like structure with a positive or negatively charged lumen and a size of 8 nm or 13 nm; the outer layer is a polyhedral or granular protein layer, exhibiting resilience, resistant to high temperatures and
dehydration, and resistant to
digestion by
pepsin and
trypsin. These nanoparticles can serve as oral carriers for various active molecules.