The invention provides a preparation method of water soluble styrene-acrylic acid solid resin used for aluminium foil coating. The preparation method comprises the following steps of: firstly preparing an aliphatic carboxylic acid ethanol solution; secondly, mixing an aliphatic vinyl unsaturated monomer, an aliphatic unsaturated carboxylic acid monomer, a chain transfer agent, an initiator and an ester solvent to obtain a first pre-treatment solution; thirdly, heating and refluxing the ester solvent, then dropwise adding the first pre-treatment solution, and then adding the alphatic carboxylic acid ethanol solution, so as to obtain a base solution; fourthly, mixing an aromatic vinyl unsaturated monomer, an alphatic vinyl unsaturated monomer, a chain transfer agent, an initiator and an ester solvent to obtain a second pre-treatment solution; fifthly, heating and refluxing the base solution, then dropwise adding the second pre-treatment solution, so as to obtain a reaction solution; and sixthly, extracting, separating and drying, so that the water soluble styrene-acrylic acid solid resin used for the aluminium foil coating is obtained. By adopting the preparation method provided by the invention, pollution behaviours can be constrained, and production cost can be greatly reduced, so that the preparation method provided by the invention has a wide promotion value and high energy-saving efficiency.