The invention provides a double-optical-
fiber coupling ball microscale sensor based on polarization state detection and belongs to the technology of manufacturing and measurement of precise instruments. The double-optical-
fiber coupling ball microscale sensor comprises a
laser, a
polarizer, a semi-transparent semi-reflective
prism, a quarter
lambda wave plate, a probe, polarization state detection devices and a computer, wherein the probe is composed of an incidence
optical fiber, an emergent
optical fiber and a
coupling ball, the
laser, the
polarizer, the semi-transparent semi-reflective
prism, the quarter
lambda wave plate and the probe are arranged in sequence. The
optical axis of emergent light of the
laser and the
optical axis of incident light of the incident
optical fiber coincide. The polarization state detection device A is located on the
optical axis of the path of reflected light formed after the emergent light of the emergent optical
fiber is reflected by the semi-transparent semi-reflective
prism. The polarization state detection device B is located on the optical axis of the path of reflected light formed after an emergent
light beam of the laser passes through the
polarizer and then is reflected by the semi-transparent semi-reflective prism for the first time. When the difference value between the polarization state, detected by the polarization state detection device A, of a
light beam and the polarization state, detected by the polarization state detection device B, of the
light beam is changed, the probe is in contact with a detected hole for detection. The double-optical-
fiber coupling ball microscale sensor is high precision and high in speed and has the three-dimensional measurement capacity.