A bridge investigation method includes the steps of firstly, acquiring three-dimensional ground and geological data, and generating a DGSM (digital geological solid model); secondly, generating a DGESM (digital geological surface or solid model); thirdly, generating a DBSM (digital bridge solid model); fourthly, generating a bridge global three-dimensional solid surface model; fifthly, subjecting the bridge global three-dimensional solid surface model to bridge structure solid mechanical analysis, and selecting road alignment schemes and bridge schemes; sixthly, establishing a geological solid sectional prediction model, and optimizing road and bridge schemes; seventhly, using the bridge global three-dimensional solid surface model to generate a three-dimensional steel bar diaphragm of a bridge structure; eighthly, generating structural diaphragms of superstructure and understructure of a bridge; ninthly, generating a constructional-phase solid of the superstructure and the understructure of the bridge; and tenthly, comparing an after-building three-dimensional bridge solid model to a pre-building bridge global three-dimensional solid surface model to obtain parameters such as displacement, settlement, deformation and the like for bridge detection. By the method, the bridge and geological three-dimensional conditions can be obtained directly, the road and bridge schemes can be selected accurately, visually and conveniently, rework amount can be reduced effectively, investigation quality, constructional safety and bride stability can be improved, the problem of coordination of the bridge with environment and geology is solved, and bridge design effect is improved evidently. The method is widely applicable to bridge investigation and can be applied to engineering application by configuring corresponding software.