66 results about "Medicated Film" patented technology

A stack of at least two layers of an edible film comprising overlying and underlying film layers; each edible film contains a unit dosage of medication; each film within said stack having a unique marking, shape, cut-out, wording, color, texture, or other indicia such that when one or more adjacent and overlying film layer(s) are extracted from said stack the unique marking, shape, cut-out, wording, color, texture, or other indicia of the adjacent and overlying film layer(s) alone or in combination with one or more underlying film layer(s) inform a user of whether an appropriate dosage has been extracted.

The invention provides a preparation method of a compound double-layer sustained release emulsion for treating diseases of oral mucosa made from the following raw materials: borneol, calculus bovis artifactus, tindazole tinidazole, dyclonine hydrochloride, Tween-80, glycerol, saccharin sodium, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC-Na), polyvinyl alcohol PVA17-18 etc. The compound double-layer sustained release emulsion has heat-cleaning and detoxifying, swelling-dispersing and ache-relieving, bacteria-resisting and inflammation-diminishing, putridity-impelling and tissue regeneration-promoting, ulcer face and lesion place-effectively protecting and curing functions, shortens course of the disease, overcomes deficiencies of single-layer emulsion of Chinese medicine or western medicine, is durable with obvious curative effect. When a double-layer emulsion is compared with a single-layer emulsion, medicine is released from a single layer in the single-layer emulsion and from double layers in the double-layer emulsion, thus medicine locally contacts the lesion places, the medicine flowing outside is decreased and foreign odour of medicine in oral cavity is decreased. The compound double-layer sustained release emulsion is made by combining advantages of Chinese medicine and western medicine which are rationally matched, has low dosage, direct effect, convenient use, quick effect, low side effect, determined and good curative effect.

The invention discloses a degradable medicine slow release function composite enteric stent. The degradable medicine slow release function composite enteric stent comprises an inner layer tubular stent and an outer layer medicine film, the inner layer tubular stent is a degradable tubular stent with a three-dimensional textile structure and has good flexibility and supporting performance, the textile structure is a weft-knitted structure or a braided structure, and yarns are mutually nested through a coil or are braided according to a certain braiding rule in order to form the tubular stent with stable structure and stable mechanical performances; and the outer layer medicine film is a fibroin protein solution medicine loaded coating, and the external surface of the textile structure is coated or laminated with the outer layer medicine film. The invention also discloses a making method of the enteric stent. The stent can support pathologic intestinal tracts, alleviate patients' intestinal obstruction and recovers patients' normal defecation; and the surface applied to the intestinal obstruction position is loaded with an antitumor medicine in order to realize a targeting therapy effect.

The invention relates to an instant and fast-effect oral medicinal film and the three-dimensional printing preparation method thereof, and consists of a drug-containing area and a penetration-promoting area respectively formed by bonding adhesive liquid containing drugs and penetration-promoting agents with layering adjuvant powders. The preparation is as follows: 3DP technology is adopted and the preparation property of layer-by-layer printing and layer-upon-layer supraposition according to the CAD model is utilized to load drugs in the carrier adjuvant extremely evenly and dispersedly while the print spraying bonds with the powder by dissolving the drugs in a print solution. As the adjuvants are reasonably selected and the prepared medicinal film has extremely high porosity, the medicinal film can dissolve rapidly to obtain fast treatment effect. The preparation method has very flexible and simple process and high degree of automation.

A Chinese-medicinal oniment preparing apparatus is composed of machine frame, basic cloth supplying unit, covering film supplying unit, medicine membrane supplying unit, and quantitative cutting unit.

An alimentary canal supporting stand covered by the frame medicine membrane, belonging to the medical and medical appliance technique field. The first structure form of this invention comprises: supporting stand, back lining layer and multi-layer frame medicine membrane, the back lining layer is covered on the surface of the supporting stand, the back lining layer clings tightly to the supporting stand, and the multi-layer frame medicine membrane clings tightly to the back lining layer. The second structure form of this invention comprises: supporting stand and multi-layer frame medicine membrane, the multi-layer frame medicine membrane is covered on the supporting stand surface, and clings tightly to the supporting stand. The third structure form of this invention comprises: supporting stand, back lining layer, multi-layer frame medicine membrane and protective layer, the protective layer is installed on the multi-layer frame medicine membrane layer. The fourth structure form of this invention comprises: supporting stand, back lining layer, multi-layer frame medicine membrane and protective layer, the protective layer is installed on the multi-layer frame medicine membrane layer. The invention possesses the function of mechanical expansion, it can make the medicine act on the pathology tissue or the near place, thus provides medicine partly and slowly in the long run.

The invention discloses a nano composite material intrauterine device carrying medicine with out support. Several composite tubes are connected in series by operating thread while the two tubes on the ends are fixed by operating kink or fixing clamp. The composite tubes are prepared by the mixture of polythene, nano metal particles, and indomethacim; by connecting the nano composite tubes made from polythene and nano metal particles with the medicinal tubes made from the mixture of indomethacin and polythene; or by covering the nano composite tubes with medicinal film of indomethacin. Said invention can substantially promote the utilization ratio of effective active copper in IUD; reduce the weight of IUD; avoid phenomenon of initial burst release in the initial stages of planting IUD into uterus; eliminate and avid complications as pelvic inflammation caused by planted IUD; and supple microelement of zinc as essential element of human body. The invention has little side effects, little feeling of foreign matter, and is easy to be accepted by women of childbearing age.

The invention discloses a microporous spongy film preparation and a preparation method thereof. The microporous spongy film preparation comprises active ingredients in a treatment effective amount, which are supported on a microporous spongy film for the film preparation. A basic net structure is made of polymer materials, medicines can be dissolved or mixed in the materials, and a large number of micropores are formed in the film preparation through a pore forming agent; the microporous spongy film preparation has an in-vivo pharmacokinetics mode similar to that of corresponding orally disintegrating tablets and solution tablets in the market, can be used for quickly taking effect, has the biological effects equivalent to corresponding preparations in the market, can be quickly disintegrated in the oral cavity, is high in bioavailability and favorable for clinical emergency treatment, and is thicker and better in handfeel than the common film preparation; the preparation process is simplified, and the production time is shortened; and the prepared film preparation is uniform, attractive and elegant.

The invention provides a cicatrix-resisting membrane comprising a medicinal membrane, wherein the medicinal membrane is a silicon gel film containing medicament of triamcinolone acetonide acetate and silica oil. The invention also discloses the process for preparing the membrane.

The invention discloses a biological type drug membrane and a preparation method thereof. The main components of the biological type drug membrane are leaven and additives including film-forming material, plasticizer, aromatic and so on. The making process flow of the drug membrane is as follows: firstly the slurry of the film-forming material is prepared; inactivated leaven and the additives are added and evenly mixed, and then the processes of deaeration, coating, drying, deciduation and packing are carried out. Compared with the prior art, by adopting the leaven as the main component, the drug membrane not only plays a role of protecting a wound surface but also improves the nutrient metabolism of oral mucosa, protects various cell injuries and enhances body immunity. In addition, the drug membrane has the characteristics of small volume and light weight and is also more convenient for being easy to be packed, stored, transported, carried over and used. The biotype-drug membrane is mainly used for treating various congestion, erosion and ulcerous lesion. And the biological type drug membrane has good effect on treating recurring Aphthous ulcer and oral lichen planus (congestive and erosive type).

The invention relates to a physiotherapy electrode piece of a sandwiched self-sticking plaster and the preparation method thereof. The physiotherapy electrode piece of the sandwiched self-sticking plaster consists of an existing conductive electrode and a self-sticking plaster sandwiched between peel-off layers, wherein, the self-sticking plaster consists of a buffering layer and a medicine releasing layer. The preparation method of the physiotherapy electrode piece includes three processes which are preparing the gel material of the buffering layer, preparing the gel material of the medicine releasing layer, and preparing the physiotherapy electrode piece of the sandwiched self-sticking plaster; the gel material of the buffering layer and the gel material of the medicine releasing layer are mainly based on Carbomer and sodium alginate. The physiotherapy electrode piece can ensure the circumstance stability of the medicine being carried, and can effectively lower the competitive delivery of the ions during electric treatment, can improve the percutaneous permeability of the medicine, and then can improve the healing effect. In addition, the preparation method of the physiotherapy electrode piece of a sandwiched self-sticking plaster is simple, can carry large amount of medicine, and is particularly applicable to the western medicine and the Chinese traditional medicine which are sensitive to the PH value.

The present invention relates to a wates-soluble aerosol made up by using chitosan as main raw material and a chitosan wound mounting block made up by using basic layer, skeleton layer and mounting layer through a certain hot-pressing and integrally-forming process. The nano-grade oligosaccharide in the aerosol is a chitosan wound healing agent with bio-activity, the polyvinyl alcohol is the hydrophilic thickening, film-forming and slow release agent and the glycerine is the flexibilizing and toughening agent of polyvinyl alcohol medicine film.

A wound nursing liquid for controlling infection and promoting healing of wound contains proportionally Ag ion powder, gelatin, binary acid, penetrant, tartaric acid and purified water. Its preparing process is also disclosed.

The invention relates to the field of medicine preparation, and discloses a method for preparing a drug-loading microsphere. The method comprises the following steps: mixing a surfactant and water, thus obtaining a water phase; mixing a medicine, a polymer material for a medicine carrier, a first solvent and a second solvent, thus preparing an oil phase; adding the oil phase into the water phase, and carrying out mixing, wherein the first solvent is different from the second solvent, the second solvent and the first solvent are mutually soluble, the second solvent is at least one of C1-C3 alcohols, C1-C3 fatty acids, C1-C3 aliphatic esters, C1-C2 ethers, and acetonitrile, and the use amount of the first solvent is greater than the use amount of the second solvent. The invention further relates to the drug-loading microsphere prepared by adopting the method, and applications of the drug-loading microsphere. The release amount within 0.5h of the drug-loading microsphere prepared by adopting the method provided by the invention is required to be lower than 20% which conforms to the pharmacopoeia criterion, and in addition, the microsphere can be used for preparing medicines for treating tumor and mucosa-relevant diseases, and is taken as the component of the suppository, mucosa flushing fluid, effervescent tablets, ointment, powder and medical membranes.

The invention relates to a compound Chinese gall ulcer pellicle and a preparation method thereof, relating to the field of treatment medicines of oral ulcers. The compound Chinese gall ulcer pellicle comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 45-55 parts of pellicle-forming materials, 6-8 parts of glycerol, 9-12 parts of Chinese gall freeze-dried powder, 2-3 parts of borneols and 2-3 parts of calculus bovis factitious. The Chinese gall slow-release ulcer pellicle combines the traditional Chinese medicine Chinese gall with a novel clinical formulation-slow-release formulation, solves the problem of medicines for oral cavities and enables the traditional Chinese medicine to have new clinical application; proved by animal tests and clinical tests, the effective components of the Chinese gall have good treatment effect on oral cavity ulcer; the compound Chinese gall slow-release ulcer pellicle prepared by the Chinese gall has convenient use and can keep partial medicine concentration; the components of the compound Chinese gall slow-release ulcer pellicle can fast adhere to an ulcer surface when meeting spittle; a support can slowly release the medicines; in addition, a problem that the medicines for the oral cavities are easy to wash away by the spittle and has short action time is solved.

The invention discloses a novel anti-inflammation and anti-allergy canker sore treating film agent, which comprises amlexanox, polyvinyl alcohol, carboxymethylcellulose sodium, polysorbate 80, glycerin and ethyl-para-hydroxybenzoate. In the invention, a brand new medicament formula is adopted completely, two high molecular film forming materials, i.e., the polyvinyl alcohol and the carboxymethylcellulose sodium are used, the using amount ratio of the two film forming materials in a prescription is adjusted, so that the film forming property, flexibility and de-filming property of a medicinal film are improved; and the glycerin serving as a medicinal plasticizer is added, so that the flexibility of the medicinal film is improved. In the prescription, the polysorbate 80 is taken as a surfactant, so that uniform distribution of various medicaments and auxiliary material components in rubber paste is facilitated, and the film agent has a better clinical effect. Moreover, the invention further discloses a method for preparing the novel anti-inflammation and anti-allergy canker sore treating film agent. A product prepared with the method has high film forming property, high film coatingproperty, high de-filming property and high flexibility, and the prepared medicinal film is uniform and is accordant with specifications.

The invention belongs to the field of pharmaceutical preparations, and particularly relates to a prescription of a glipizide oral instant film and a preparation method thereof. The oral instant film comprises medical active ingredients and pharmaceutically adaptable auxiliary materials. The film comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 1-30% of glipizide, 40-80% of a macromolecular film-forming material, 0-30% of a plasticizer, 0-20% of a corrigent and 0-20% of other auxiliary materials. The film prepared by the glipizide film can be taken without water. The film placed in the oval cavity can be quickly dispersed and dissolved (equivalent to an oral solution) and is swallowed into stomach with saliva. After the film is orally taken, no disintegration process is available, so that the film has the advantages of being quick to absorb, quick to response and high in bioavailability. The product is accurate in dosage, and dust explosion in the production process is nearly avoided, so that the problem on labor protection and environmental pollution can be solved.

The invention discloses a pH sensitive corn protein-based compound membrane which is prepared by taking natural polymer corn protein as a base material, introducing in nano silicon dioxide and a biocompatible plasticizer and through simple mixing and hybridization and a solution casting method. The compound membrane has the good transparency, compactness and pH sensibility. The compound membrane is dissolved again and drug molecules are added, casting is conducted again, and a drug-carrying membrane is obtained; and the drug-carrying membrane has the pH sensibility, the accumulative release rate is greatly different under different pH conditions: rapid drug administration can be achieved under an alkalescent condition, and a slow-release effect is achieved under an acidic condition. Due tothe fact that the pH value of saliva of human is between 6.6 and 7.6, the compound membrane can be used as a carrier for curing skin injuries or dental ulcers.

The invention relates to a medical wax foot massage shoe and the preparation method. The wax shoe can moderate foot temperature, improve circulation, promote medicine permission and absorption by human being, care health and treat disease. It is instep and sole designed according to human foot or foot model, the most inside layer adhesive to human foot or foot model (1) is medical membrane wax (2), intermediate layer is wax thickening thermal insulation layer (3), and the outside is a thermal insulation bag (5) filled with dissolved wax (4). The preparation method comprises: brushing dissolved wax on human foot or foot model to form into medical membrane wax, adding dissolved wax on outer surface of said medical membrane wax to form wax thickening thermal insulation layer; packing dissolved wax with thermal insulation bag, cooling for 30 -60 minutes, and getting the human foot or foot model out.

The invention provides a medicament carrying film capable of being absorbed by an oral cavity, which is characterized in that: the medicament carrying film capable of being absorbed by the oral cavityis prepared from active components of a small dose of medicaments, a water-soluble high polymer material and a pharmaceutically acceptable pharmaceutic adjuvant, wherein the pharmaceutically acceptable pharmaceutic adjuvant may be one or more of a stabilizer, a colorant, a sweetener, a correctant, a freshener and an emulsifier. The medicament carrying film capable of being absorbed by the oral cavity can be quickly dissolved in the oral cavity; the small dose of medicaments are absorbed in a form of a nonionic medicament in the pH value environment of the oral cavity; and a considerable amount of medicaments enter general blood circulation through the oral cavity, a throat and esophageal mucosa and can quickly reach the maximum plasma concentration. The medicament carrying film capable ofbeing absorbed by the oral cavity cannot generate any irritation to oral mucosa and has the advantages of adjustable mouthfeel, fragrant smell, and cool, refreshing and sweet taste. The medicament carrying film not only can refresh breath but also can better exert general action. The medicament carrying film not only can improve the compliance of patients, but also can improve the bioavailabilityof certain medicaments.

The invention provides a disposable cervical dilator attached with a medicine film, and a preparation method of the disposable cervical dilator with the medicine film. The cervical dilator is attached with the medicine film of local anesthetics; when the disposable cervical dilator is used, the medicine film is swollen and dissolved under body temperature; and medicines in the medicine film are released out, and are absorbed by a cervical mucous membrane, so that pain of patients is relieved, and occurrences of adverse reactions are reduced. The disposable cervical dilator with the medicine film is convenient to use, and simple and feasible in preparation process; the related pharmaceutic adjuvants are all easy to purchase and are low in cost; and the disposable cervical dilator has good social and economic benefits.

A styptic medicine in the form of film for hemostasis of wound is prepared from the medical plant containing polyose (90-95 wt.%) through pulverizing the plant, immersing in water and filtering threetimes, mixing, then concentrating, centrifugal separation, adding medical alcohol, deposition, filtering, immersing the deposit in medical alcohol, filtering, dripdrying to obtain particles, dissolving in distilled water, ultralow-temp. (-106- -108 deg.C) free-drying to obtain paste, and coating to obtain the medicated film.

A medicine film machine with double cylinders is used for pressing medicine. A frame is provided with a screw extruder. The back end of the screw extruder is communicated with the outlet of a medicine pressing cylinder. The fore end of the screw extruder is provided with a die head. The front part of the die head is a downward flare opening, thus forming a flat downward outlet of a medicine film. The screw thread on a screw rod of the screw extruder is arranged as an unequally spaced thread, the thread pitch of the unequally spaced thread is thick at the front and thin at the back and the thread depth thereof is shallow at the front and deep at the back. The medicine film machine is characterized in that two medicine pressing cylinder are arranged in parallel; the outlets of two medicine pressing cylinders are respectively provided with a not gate control valve and communicated with the screw extruder through the not gate control valve. The width of the die head of the screw extruder is increased to 12cm. A uniform stream structure is arranged inside the die head. The uniform stream structure is that a divisional island is arranged on a drug channel in the die head. The medicine film machine with double cylinders can realize the automatic mass production of Chinese medicine plaster, so the labor intensity is evidently reduced and the work efficiency is improved. In addition, the medicine film machine with simple structure can widen the coating width of the plaster and avoid uneven medicine discharging.

The invention discloses a preparation method of a sustained-release medicine film. Sea buckthorn oil, glycerine, chitosan and bletilla striata are prepared into a circular medicine film, which is used for treatment for various tympanic membrane perforation, thus allowing the patients to avoid the operations, reducing the medical cost and being popularized in all levels of hospitals. The treatment cost of the tympanic membrane perforation by the medicine film is about one tenth of the operation cost, and the medicine film can promote the good healing of the tympanic membrane perforation, which can essentially replace the operation treatment. The operation treatment for the tympanic membrane perforation has high medical cost and is difficult to achieve the good healing of the tympanic membrane. The western region of China is rich in sea buckthorn resources which can maintain water and soil, green the environment, keep the ecological balance, and is in line with the policy of returning farmland to forest in the western loess plateau region of China. Thus, the development and the utilization of the sea buckthorn resources have important economic value and social significance. The research and development of the medicine film has great social and economic benefits, and promising prospects of popularization and application. The invention opens up the medicine film for the treatment for tympanic membrane perforation which is in line with the China's actual conditions.

The invention relates to a special antibacterial film-forming hand dipping liquid for a milker. Each kilogram of hand dipping liquid comprises the following components by weight: 5-10 g of chitosan oligosaccharide, 5-10 g of n-trimethyl chitosan chloride, 200-300 g of rosemary extracting solution, 50-80 g of dandelion extracting solution, 1-5 g of acetic acid, 5-10 g of glycerinum, 5-10 g of emulsifier, 1-5 g of skin care agent, and the balance of purified water. The chitosan oligosaccharide, the n-trimethyl chitosan chloride, the dandelion and the rosemary are organic biological ingredients and can better inhibit and kill most of pathogenic bacteria possibly existing in a milking parlour. The n-trimethyl chitosan chloride is taken as a film forming material, forms a layer of medical film on both hands and the forearm to continuously defend against bacteria, the milker is effectively protected within the working time, the finger action of the milker is not affected, and the work is not affected. The medical film formed by the special antibacterial film-forming hand dipping liquid for the milker has the function of defending against bacteria externally, and also has the function of moistening the skin internally, and is a better labor protection choice for the milker.

The invention discloses a biological Chinese medicine film and a preparation method thereof. The biological Chinese medicine film comprises the main medicine components of inactivated brewers' yeast, fructus forsythia, wild chrysanthemum flower and pepper, and also contains additives such as sodium carboxymethylcellulose as a film forming material, glycerol as a polasticizer and peppermint oil as an aromatic. The preparation method of the biological Chinese medicine film comprises the following steps of: firstly, preparing a film forming material size, then adding the inactivated brewers' yeast, a Chinese medicine concentrated solution and the additives, uniformly stirring; and then defoaming, coating the film, drying, removing the film, and packaging. Compared with the prior art, the biological Chinese medicine film provided by the invention plays a role of protecting the surface of a wound, also plays roles in resisting bacteria and virus infection, diminishing inflammation and relieving pain, is capable of improving mouth mucosa nutrition metabolism, protecting various cells from being damaged and enhancing immunity of the organism, has the characteristics of simple formulation, good medicine compatibility, small volume, light weight, convenience for package, storage, transportation, carrying and application and the like, and is mainly applied to various ulcer venereal diseases.

The invention discloses a microporous spongy film preparation and a preparation method thereof. The microporous spongy film preparation comprises active ingredients in a treatment effective amount, which are supported on a microporous spongy film for the film preparation. A basic net structure is made of polymer materials, medicines can be dissolved or mixed in the materials, and a large number of micropores are formed in the film preparation through a pore forming agent; the microporous spongy film preparation has an in-vivo pharmacokinetics mode similar to that of corresponding orally disintegrating tablets and solution tablets in the market, can be used for quickly taking effect, has the biological effects equivalent to corresponding preparations in the market, can be quickly disintegrated in the oral cavity, is high in bioavailability and favorable for clinical emergency treatment, and is thicker and better in handfeel than the common film preparation; the preparation process is simplified, and the production time is shortened; and the prepared film preparation is uniform, attractive and elegant.

The invention relates to milk cow teat dipping liquid. Every one kilogram of the dripping liquid comprises the following components by weight: 10-20g of chitosan oligosaccharide, 10-20g of quaternized chitosan, 50-80g of dandelion extract, 20-30g of rosemary extract, 20-30g of notoginseng extract, 1-5g of acetic acid, 5-10g of glycerol, and the balance of medical purified water. The main ingredients in the technical scheme of the invention are organic biological ingredients without any toxic or side effects, and even when the dripping liquid has residues in a breast or teat and enters milk, no adverse impact is formed to food safety of the milk. A formed medicine membrane does not prevent teat skin from being in contact with the outside world, so that the teat can maintain a normal physiological metabolism function in case of protection, and can realize self-cure without serious dependence on the teat dipping liquid. Both dandelion and notoginseng are good medicines for activating blood circulation to remove blood stasis and treating mammary gland diseases, can improve the function of mammary glands, improve self-healing ability of breasts, and maintain the health of milk cow breasts.

The invention discloses a cefaclor oral instant film and a preparation method thereof. The instant film comprises a main drug of an effective dose of a drug and auxiliary materials, wherein the main drug is cefaclor, and the auxiliary materials include a water-soluble polymer, a plasticizing agent, a taste masking agent and an edible colourant. The preparation method comprises the steps of mixing the main drug cefaclor, the taste masking agent and anion exchange resin into water to form uniform dispersion liquid, filtering and removing moisture to prepare a cefaclor / anion exchange resin compound, dispersing the compound and other auxiliary materials into the water to prepare a stable dispersion solution, adopting a solution coating method, using a coater to coat the dispersion solution on a polyester stripping film or a release paper surface to form the film, drying in an airblast oven at 50 DEG C-80 DEG C, and cutting the drug film into a specific size. The instant film can be dissolved in an oral cavity within 5-60 seconds, so that the bioavailability of the cefaclor, namely an effective drug ingredient, is improved greatly, and an effect is exerted quickly.

The present invention discloses a technical scheme for realizing a transverse feeding medicine film molding device of Chinese medicine cataplasm. The technical scheme is that the transverse feeding medicine film molding device comprises a cylindrical pump body casing, a main shaft and a spiral pump connected with the main shaft. The pump body casing is respectively installed with a feeding hole and a discharge hole. The feeding hole is positioned at the top part of pump body casing at the side of small diameter of shaft core of pump shaft. The discharge hole has an elongated rectangular shape and is positioned at the base of pump body casing at the side of large diameter of shaft core of pump shaft. The discharge hole is installed with an adjusting mechanism used for adjusting the thickness of medicine film. The pump shaft of spiral pump is horizontally installed. The shaft core of pump shaft is installed with screw panels. The shaft core of pump shaft is conical. The diameters of screw panels are same. The center of shaft core of pump shaft is eccentric relatively to the center of pump body casing. The center of shaft core of pump shaft slightly moves to the direction of discharge hole. The medicine film molding device according to the invention molds the film with uniform thickness and smooth surface. Furthermore the air in the medicine of raw material can be smoothly discharged. The air bubble in the medicine film is reduced.