The invention discloses a method for identifying the physiological sex of fish at an early development stage by using 5S rRNA, which comprises the following steps: (1) extracting the
total RNA of fish
gonad tissues by using a method for conventionally extracting the
total RNA of animal cells by using a
total RNA extraction kit or a
TRIzol reagent, determining an OD260 / 280 value by using a
nucleic acid analyzer, and judging the
RNA purity, and then separating total
RNA by using an
agarose gel electrophoresis method, and observing the brightness and distribution of 5S rRNA, 18S rRNA and 28S rRNA; (2) carrying out microcapillary
electrophoresis on the extracted
gonad total
RNA, and calculating the proportion of 5S rRNA in the total RNA according to the RNA type coverage area obtained by
nucleic acid analysis software; (3) according to the proportion of the 5S rRNA in the total RNA, judging the physiological male and female of the fish at the early development stage, when the proportion of the 5S rRNA is smaller than or equal to 9.0%, judging the fish as a
testis tissue, and when the proportion of the 5S rRNA is larger than or equal to 12%, judging the fish as an
ovarian tissue. The method is easy to implement and simple and convenient to operate, the physiological sex identification of more than 100 fish individuals is realized within 12 hours, and the physiological sex of the fish is determined.