The invention discloses a universal test bench and a test control method for comprehensive performance of a railway vehicle brake system. The universal test bench comprises an air compressor, a main blast pipe, a pressure regulating valve, a brake control blast pipe, a brake controller, a control console, a brake pipe, an air control valve, an auxiliary air cylinder, an auxiliary air cylinder pipe, an accelerated release air cylinder, an accelerated release air cylinder pipe, a brake cylinder pipe, a brake cylinder, wheel sets, brake shoes, a brake force sensor, a motor, a coupler, a rail wheel group, a pedestal, an axle box, an axle box pull rod, springs, bearing beams, loading frames, balance weights, linear bearings, loading poles and mounting racks. By establishing the related universal test bench for the comprehensive performance of the railway vehicle brake system, a lot of test researches are carried out for different brake control conditions, so as to master the influences of different brake machines, brake parameters, vehicle axle weights, brake shoe materials and the like to the brake comprehensive performance of trains, thereby providing important test places and reference frames for research and development of railway vehicle brake machines and foundation brake gears.