The invention relates to high base number (TBN400) vulcanized alkyl phenol calcium and a preparation method thereof. The vulcanized alkyl phenol calcium has a chemical structure as right. The preparation method is as follows: in a system containing solvent and diluent oil, alkyl phenol compound, shielded phenol compound, calcium oxide and / or calcium hydroxide and sulfur are subjected to sulfonation / neutralization reaction at a temperature of between 60 and 180 DEG C to generate phenolate intermediate; balanced calcium oxide and / or calcium hydroxide are added into the mixture, carbon dioxide is introduced, and the mixture is subjected to carbonation reaction; and alkyl polylol is added into the mixture at the sulfonation / neutralization reaction or respectively at the sulfonation / neutralization reaction and the carbonation reaction to participate in the reaction, long-chain carboxylic acid is added into the mixture at the sulfonation / neutralization reaction or respectively at the sulfonation / neutralization reaction and the carbonation reaction to participate in the reaction, and products are obtained through refining. The vulcanized alkyl phenol calcium has the characteristics of high base number, low viscosity, low precipitation number, good heat storage stability, and the like, and has excellent combination property, does not cause environmental protection problem during use, and belongs to an environment-friendly product, and adopts a one-stage process, has mild reaction conditions, and is easy to filter.