A method for preparing a graphene material based on 5,5'-diamino-3,3'-1,2,4-triazole cobalt salt is disclosed. The method includes dispersing graphene into deionized water; adding an aqueous solutionof the 5,5'-diamino-3,3'-1,2,4-triazole cobalt salt; heating at 50-100 DEG C for 30-60 min; cooling to 0-4 DEG C; drying to obtain a 5,5'-diamino-3,3'-1,2,4-triazole cobalt salt eutectic substance coated with graphene; grinding the substance into powder; and heating the powder in a tubular furnace at 500-800 DEG C for 3-5 h to obtain the nitrogen--cobalt co-doped graphene material. In the obtainedmaterial, 5,5'-diamino-3,3'-1,2,4-triazole cobalt salt crystals are evenly coated with the graphene, and surface performance of the 5,5'-diamino-3,3'-1,2,4-triazole cobalt salt crystals can be completely maintained without the use of an adhesive or other auxiliary agents.