The invention discloses a polymer based composite material self-repairing nanometer class capsule and the preparation method thereof, relating to a composite material self-repairing capsule and the preparation method. The invention solves the problems that the prior self-repairing capsule is large in size, cannot bring the self-repairing function into play at the early stage of a crack occurrence. The nanometer class capsule is made by carbamide, formaldehyde solution, dicyclopentadiene, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, resorcinol, normal butanol, octane, KH-560 and deionized water. The preparation method is that: 1. preparing prepolymer of Lauxite; 2. preparing microemulsion; 3. performing polymerization reaction; 4. cleaning, filtering and drying. The grain size of the self-repairing nanometer class capsule is 100 to 800 nm and the capsule can self-repair the nanometer class microcracks which occur on polymer based composite material, preventing the extension of the cracks, reducing the damage of mechanical performance of the polymer based composite material and prolonging the service life. The polymer based composite material self-repairing nanometer class capsule has the advantages of easy preparation, convenient operation, low requirement for the equipment performance and easy promotion.