The invention provides a high-Mn and high-Nb anti-crack-defect nickel-based welding wire and a welding method. The high-Mn and high-Nb anti-crack-defect nickel-based welding wire comprises, by weight, less than 0.04% of C, 0.10-0.20% of Si, 3.8-4.2% of Mn, less than 0.003% of S, less than 0.003% of P, 28.0-31.5% of Cr, less than 0.01% of Mo, less than 0.05% of Cu, 2.2-2.5% of Nb, 0.4-0.9% of Ti, less than 0.50% of Al, 8.5-10.5% of Fe, less than 0.005%of Ca, less than 0.005% of Mg, less than 0.005% of O, 0.20-0.40% of N, less than 0.001% of B, less than 0.005% of Zr, less than 0.02% of Ta, and the balance of Ni, wherein the sum of the Mn and Nb is 6.2-6.6%; the sum of other impurity elements is less than 0.10%. The welding wire is suitable for welding of nuclear island main equipment (including bead welding of pressure vessel drive tube sockets, connection tube safety ends, reactor core bearing blocks and steam generator tube plates and welding of tubes and tube plates), and the problem that an existing welding wire is prone to having a crack defect under the field welding and other severe conditions is solved.