A workshop seawater circulating aquaculture and seedling culture system comprises a water purification treatment device, a water temperature adjustment device, an oxygenation device and an aquaculture device, wherein the water purification treatment device, the water temperature adjustment device, the oxygenation device and the aquaculture device are connected in sequence through water pipes; the aquaculture device is connected with the water purification treatment device through a water pipe; the water purification treatment device comprises a rough filtration sediment box, a biofiltration box, a foam separator, a high-efficiency filter and a fresh seawater supplement device, and the rough filtration sediment box, the biofiltration box, the foam separator, the high-efficiency filter and the fresh seawater supplement device are sequentially arranged in the water flow direction; the water temperature adjustment device comprises a heat source and a heat exchanger; the aquaculture device comprises a plurality of aquaculture and seedling culture boxes and bait mixing equipment, each aquaculture and seedling culture box comprises a water outlet and a water inlet, aquaculture water switching valves are arranged at the water outlets and the water inlets, the oxygenation device is connected with high-efficiency oxygenation units through oxygen delivery pipelines, the high-efficiency oxygenation units are installed in the aquaculture and seedling culture boxes, oxygen delivery electromagnetic valves are installed at the oxygen delivery pipelines, the bait mixing equipment comprises a plurality of bait mixing boxes, and the bait mixing boxes are connected with the aquaculture and seedling culture boxes through bait pipelines, pumps and bait switching valves.