The invention discloses a preparation method of mesoporous silica, which comprises the following steps of (1) breaking and sieving raw materials containing amorphous silica, (2) soaking the broken and sieved raw materials with an inorganic acid solution, filtering, and separating filter residues from acid liquid, (3) adding the filter residues into a sodium carbonate solution or a potassium carbonate solution, heating, stirring for reaction for 1-8h, and filtering, (4) adding a structure-directing agent into a filtrate, (5) stirring, ageing, filtering, returning the filtrate to Step (1) for recycling, and conducting vacuum drying on a filter cake, and (6) sending the dried filter cake into a muffle furnace, conducting temperature programming under nitrogen protection, removing the structure-directing agent or sending into a microwave digestion device for digestion, and removing the structure-directing agent. According to the preparation method, as the raw materials containing amorphous silica are directly adopted as a silicon source for producing mesoporous silica and an alkali solution is recycled, the reaction time is shortened, and the production cost of mesoporous silica is greatly lowered.