The invention provides MTX subcutaneous sustained-release injection CS / GP / MAX (Methotrexate-loaded Chitosan-based Thermosensitive Hydrogel). Every liter of aqueous solution of the CS / GP / MAX contains 16 to 22 grams of chitosan, 0.05 to 0.1 mole of acetic acid, 70 to 150 grams of beta-glycerophosphate, 0.1 to 0.12 mole of methotrexate, 0.1 to 0.12 mole of a solubilizer and 5 to 50 grams of an isoosmotic adjusting agent and pH modifier. The CS / GP / MAX has stable properties and controllable quality, and the external properties, tgel (the time of gelation), eta, pH value, content and preliminary stability of the CS / GP / MAX meet requirements on thermosensitive hydrogel; 70 percent of drugs of the CS / GP / MAX in a PBS (Phosphate Buffer Solution) are released within 5 days under the condition of 37 DEG C; compared with those of MTX injection, the Cmax (Maximum Plasma Drug Concentration) is reduced by 82 percent, the AUC0-t (area under the plasma concentration time curve from time 0 to t hours) is enlarged by 2.37 times, and the t0.02muM (the length of time the MTX concentration-time curve remained above 0.02 muM in one week) is prolonged by 12.93 times after the CS / GP / MAX is subcutaneously injected to the back of a rabbit; by the CS / GP / MAX, adverse effects can be reduced, and curative effects can be improved.