The invention discloses a Raman enhancement detection method and a Raman enhancement detection device for a micro LED chip. According to the detection method provided by the invention, photoluminescence detection and Raman detection are combined, the photoluminescence detection provides luminescence wavelength and brightness information, and the Raman detection provides electrical properties, so that the problem of insufficient photoluminescence detection accuracy is solved; electron energy level resonance and surface plasmon resonance enhanced Raman technologies are adopted, so that the Ramanscattering intensity is enhanced by 103 to 108, part of the Raman scattering intensity reaches the photoluminescence intensity, and a foundation is laid for rapid measurement; the metal nanostructurenot only improves the luminous efficiency of the micro LED chip, but also can enhance Raman scattering signals by using surface plasmon, so that the detection speed is increased; microscopic Raman detection is a nondestructive testing means, the detection process is simple, the required time is short, the detection speed is high, the micro LED chip does not need to be specially treated, and the method is suitable for massive detection of the micro LED chip.