The invention belongs to the field of protection of concrete surfaces and relates to a durable and corrosion-proof concrete surface protection system. The protection system comprises four parts, namely, a priming paint, an inter paint, a finish paint and a finish-coat paint, wherein the priming paint mainly comprises a silane emulsion, a siloxane emulsion, a dispersant, a corrosion-resistant agent and water; the inter paint mainly comprises a silicon resin emulsion, a siloxane emulsion, a coalescing agent, a dispersant, a corrosion-resistant agent and water; the finish paint mainly comprises a silicon resin emulsion, an acrylic emulsion and/or a modified acrylic emulsion, a dispersant, a corrosion-resistant agent, a coalescing agent and water; and the finish-coat paint mainly comprises a fluorine-silicone resin polymer, a dispersant, a corrosion-resistant agent, a coalescing agent and water. The protection system can be immersed at 3-8mm from the concrete surface and is cured and cross-linked to form a protective layer, and the protection system has the advantages of excellent air permeability, water-repellent property, immersion resistance, weather resistance, freeze-thawing resistance and corrosion resistance; by the protection system, early carbonation and morbid change of concrete are prevented, the weather resistance is improved and the durability and practicability of concrete are prolonged.