The invention relates to a 25-hydroxyvitamin D TRFIA (Time-Resolved Fluoroimmunoassay) kit and a detection method, which utilize the sensitivity of TRFIA technology, utilize rare earth vanadate nano fluorescent labeling materials and combine a dry-type immunofluorescence analyzer to realize high sensitivity, accurate quantification, simpleness and convenience. The kit of the invention can accurately and quantitatively detect the content of the 25-hydroxyvitamin D in serum, plasma and whole blood samples of persons, the whole blood samples can be filtered through the treatment of blood filtering membrane sample pads, the fluorescence interference of the samples can be avoided by utilization of a time resolution detection technology, the fluorescent microspheres are rare earth vanadate nanomaterials, thus the advantages of low background, strong fluorescence signals, high signal-to-noise ratio and the like are achieved, rare earth vanadate nano particles are connected with antibody through covalent bonds by labelling, a labeled product is stable, thus the kit has the characteristics of wide detection range (3-100ng/mL), high sensitivity (detection limit is 3ng/mL), high accuracy, quick and convenient detection and the like.