458 results about "Cellulose hydrolysis" patented technology

A method for lignocellulose conversion to sugar with improvements in yield and rate of sugar production has been developed by using ionic liquid pretreatment. This new pretreatment strategy substantially improves the efficiency (in terms of yield and reaction rates) of saccharification of lignocellulosic biomass. Cellulose and hemicellulose, when hydrolyzed into their sugars, can be converted into ethanol fuel through well established fermentation technologies. These sugars also form the feedstocks for production of variety of chemicals and polymers. The complex structure of biomass requires proper pretreatment to enable efficient saccharification of cellulose and hemicellulose components to their constituent sugars. Current pretreatment approaches suffer from slow reaction rates of cellulose hydrolysis (by using the enzyme cellulase) and low yields.

A process for the production of glucose from a pretreated lignocellulosic feedstock is provided. The method comprises enzymatically hydrolyzing the pretreated lignocellulosic feedstock with cellulase enzymes to produce a hydrolyzate slurry comprising glucose and unhydrolyzed cellulose and fermenting the hydrolyzate slurry in a fermentation reaction to produce a fermentation broth comprising alcohol. A process stream is obtained comprising unhydrolyzed cellulose, which is then subjected to a denaturing step, preferably comprising exposing the unhydrolyzed cellulose to elevated temperatures, thereby producing a heat-treated stream comprising the unhydrolyzed cellulose. The heat-treated stream comprising unhydrolyzed cellulose is then further hydrolyzed with cellulase enzymes to hydrolyze the cellulose to glucose.

The invention discloses a method for efficiently hydrolyzing lignocellulosic biomass and synchronously preparing multi-component liquid glucose and lignin. The method comprises the steps that: the lignocellulosic biomass through physical crushing is added with phosphoric acid to perform acid hydrolysis; then organic solvent is added to extract the lignin, the layering and the phase separation are performed, then the lignin is extracted out while the organic solvent is reclaimed under the condition of pressure reduction and distillation; phosphoric acid can be reclaimed through steps such as neutralization, filtration, acidification and so on, hemicellulose hydrolyzed liquid glucose is obtained at the same time; and the remained cellulose undergoes the zymohydrolysis to prepare cellulosic hydrolyzed liquid glucose. The method can separate lignin, hemicellulose and cellulose, remarkably decreases the degree of crystallinity of the cellulose hydrolyzed by phosphoric acid, and remarkably improves the zymohydrolysis efficiency; and the prepared hydrolyzed liquid glucose does not contain fermentation inhibitors. The method has mild treatment conditions, simple process and less side reactions; the phosphoric acid and the organic solvent can both be reclaimed and circularly used; and the method is environment-friendly, and has broad social and economic benefits.

The invention relates to a lignocellulose acid/alkali coupling pretreatment method. Lignocellulose is separated into cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin by acid/alkali coupling pretreatment; and simultaneously, lignocellulose components are separated and subjected to high-efficiency enzymolysis and saccharification. The method comprises the steps of lignocellulose pretreatment, component separation, cellulose enzymolysis, solvent recovery and the like. The lignocellulose material is pretreated by formic acid or dilute sulphuric acid and is then subjected to solid-liquid separation, wherein the liquid component is used for recovering hemicellulose hydrolyzed sugar and part of lignin; and the solid component is further treated by ammonia water or a sodium hydroxide solution and is then subjected to solid-liquid separation, the liquid component is used for recovering lignin, and the solid component (cellulose) is subjected to enzymolysis and saccharification. By converting the lignocellulose into cellulose hydrolyzed sugar (glucose), hemicellulose hydrolyzed sugar (xylose and xylooligosaccharide) and lignin, the invention provides a basis for full-biomass utilization and develops a green process route for recovering the pretreatment solvent.

A process for the production of ethanol wherein a hydrolyzed lignocellulosic biomass is fermented in the presence of a stillage residue. The fermentation of cellulosic hydrolysates is improved by adding prior to and/or during fermentation a stillage residue side stream from a corn starch-to-ethanol process as a nutrient source for the yeast organisms used in the fermentation. Stillage residues from the grain dry mill ethanol producing process, including the whole stillage, wet cake, thin stillage, and/or syrup are added to assist as a nitrogen and nutrient source for the fermentive processes. The stillage residue is produced by any grain-to-ethanol process.

The invention discloses a method of extracting DHA unsaturated fatty acid from dino flagellate fermentation liquor; the method comprises the main processes of: firstly adjusting pH value of dino flagellate fermentation liquor by using hydrochloric acid solution, taking non-residual monomer polyacrylamide as flocculant for flocculating; filtering by flocculating frame to obtain filter cake; breaking the filter cake by broken liquid prepared by adding water in compound cellulose hydrolase; after breaking, using centrifugal machine to realize three-phase separation of residue, aqueous phase and oil phase, repeating 2 to 5 times until no oil phase existing, combining the oil phase and washing, that is DHA crude oil; the crude oil entering into five class continuous molecular to distill, thereby obtaining unsaturated fatty acid having 40-50% of DHA. The invention uses high speed centrifuge with rotation rate being 8000 to 12000 rpm to separate to directly obtain crude oil, avoids the use of organic solvent; the refining of the crude oil utilizes five class molecular distillation, which can effectively achieve the effects of decolorization, deacidification and deodorization. The invention has low process cost and is environment-friendly.

A cellulose ester and film thereof useful for remarkably improving optical properties such as optical isotropy are provided. The cellulose ester is adjusted so that the degree of substitution is from 2.90 to 2.965, the total of degrees of substitution at 2- and 3-positions is not less than 1.97, and the half height width of chemical composition expressed in degree of substitution is not more than 0.09. Such a cellulose ester maybe produced by a method for producing a cellulose ester, which comprises (i) an acylating step for acylating a cellulose with an acylating agent in the presence of a sulfuric acid catalyst, and (ii) a hydrolyzing step for hydrolyzing the acylated product in the presence of a sulfuric acid catalyst, and in which the acylation carried out with from 1.40 to 2.0 molar equivalents of the acylating agent relative to 1 mol of a hydroxyl group in the cellulose in the presence of 6.5 to 9.5 parts by weight of the sulfuric acid catalyst relative to 100 parts by weight of the cellulose in the acylating step (i).

The invention relates to use of a substrate comprising C5 compound-containing material, in the growth of Saccharomyces yeast or the production of a product of Saccharomyces yeast, wherein the C5 compound-containing material is: (a) C5 compound-containing material obtained from lignocellulosic hydrolysate; (b) C5 compound-containing material obtained from fermentation of lignocellulosic hydrolysate; or (c) a mixture of (a) and (b). The invention also relates to a method of producing Saccharomyces yeast biomass or a product of Saccharomyces yeast using the substrate, and to methods of producing ethanol comprising incubating Saccharomyces yeast produced by the use or method. The invention further relates to strains of Saccharomyces yeast suitable for the use or methods.

The invention discloses a recombinant yeast strain (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)) capable of efficiently metabolizing xylose, which is named SyBE005. The recombinant yeast strain has been collected in Common Microorganism Center of China Committee for Culture Collection of Microorganisms, the collection number is CGMCC No.6634, and the recombinant yeast strain has the capacity of efficiently metabolizing xylose to produce ethanol. The recombinant yeast strain SyBE005 can effectively ferment xylose to generate ethanol. The ethanol yield reaches 64% of the theoretical yield, and the yield of the byproduct xylitol is lower than 12%; and thus, the recombinant yeast strain can efficiently convert xylose into ethanol, and is an excellent strain utilizing cellulose hydrolysate.

The invention discloses a method for promoting hydrolysis of lignocelluloses. According to the method, metal ions such as nickel, cobalt, magnesium, zinc, manganese and the like are added in the processes of saccharifying and hydrolyzing the lignocelluloses so as to improve the enzyme activity of the ligno-cellulase and hemicellulase, thereby further improving the hydrolysis efficiency of the ligno-cellulase. Proved by experiments, the hydrolysis efficiency of glucan can be improved by 4.5 times by adding the metal ions. According to the method, the operation is simple, the metal ions can be recycled, the investment cost is low, the usage range is wide, the pollution does not exist, the hydrolysis efficiency of the cellulose is obviously improved, and the method can be widely applied in the process of hydrolyzing the lignocelluloses and in the fields of manufacturing and developing biomass energy.

The invention discloses a bagasse pretreatment method. The bagasse pretreatment method comprises the following steps of: drying, crushing and screening the bagasse, then pretreating the bagasse by using sodium hydroxide and hydrogen peroxide to obtain the pretreated bagasse. According to the pretreated bagasse material, the maximum removal rates of the hemicellulose and lignin respectively reach 78.18 percent and 94.56 percent, the maximum enzyme hydrolysis rate of the cellulose is 64.37 percent, and the enzymolysis efficiency is improved by 60.67 percent compared with that of untreated raw bagasse. Therefore, the pretreatment method breaks through wrapping of the hemicellulose and lignin to the cellulose, the hydrolysis rate of the cellulose is increased, the enzymolysis resistance property of the bagasse is improved, the obtained bagasse material can be used for converting high added value products, such as ethanol through microbial fermentation after being subjected to enzymolysis, and thus biomass resources, such as bagasse are effectively utilized.

The invention discloses a biological agent for organic waste composting which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30 to 40 parts of lactobacillus, 20 to 30 parts of saccharomycetes, 10 to 20 parts of nitrifying bacteria, 10 to 15 parts of actinomycetes, and 10 to 15 parts of mold. The invention simultaneously discloses a method for preparing the biological agent. In the method, polluting components in the organic waste are decomposed by utilizing microbes, so that the undesirable odors are eliminated, quick composting is realized, and the toxicity of heavy metals can be reduced; the pH value of composting materials can be regulated, so that cellulose hydrolysis is accelerated, and loss of ammonia and nitrogen is inhibited; and the biological agent has lower moisture and has a good effect of regulating the water content for high water-containing slurry and food waste.

Separation of tropical moniliasis strain and production of xylitol are disclosed. The process is carried out by amplification culturing to obtain seed liquid, preparing hemicellulose hydrolyte culture medium, circulating and reutilizing. It has excellent sugar-tolerance and mithridatism. It could be used above time times.

The invention discloses a method for hydrolyzing cellulosic biomass continually, which is characterized in that solid biomass material mixed with water is conveyed into a horizontal type plug flow reactor, and a variable pitch spiral pushing rod is arranged inside the horizontal type plug flow reactor; at the same time, reaction solution is conveyed into the reactor, and the mixture is pushed by the variable pitch spiral pushing rod to advance so that the solid and the liquid are separated from each other; the solid residue is conveyed into a vertical countercurrent bed, then is conveyed upward by a constant pitch vertical spiral pushing rod, and at the same time is conveyed into the reaction solution from the upper part of a vertical countercurrent reactor; and finally, the solid residue is collected at the upper part of the vertical countercurrent reactor, and cellulosic hydrolysate is collected at the lower part of the vertical countercurrent reactor. The invention also comprises a device for realizing the method. The device comprises a continuous feeding air lock system, a horizontal type plug flow reactor and a vertical countercurrent reactor, wherein, a variable pitch spiral pushing rod is arranged inside the horizontal type plug flow reactor; the variable pitch spiral pushing rod comprises a feeding section, a principal reaction section and a pressing section; the feeding section is communicated with the continuous feeding air lock system; and the horizontal type plug flow reactor is communicated with the vertical countercurrent reactor by means of a residue conveying device.

Cellulosic materials are treated with Supercritical Carbon Dioxide in an extruder. Machine configuration and operating parameters are strictly controlled in a manner to enhance the ability of Supercritical CO₂ to enter into the cells. This results in a controlled deterioration of the ceil walls, increasing the reactivity of cellulose and also enhancing the rate and the extern of cellulose hydrolysis. This precisely controlled combination of pressure, shear & temperature accelerates the penetration of carbon dioxide molecules into the crystalline structures, thus more glucose is produced from cellulosic materials after the cell is destructurized as compared to those without the pretreatment increasing glucose yield by as much as 50%. Concurrent saccharification and fermentation tests also show the increase in the available carbon source from the cellulosic materials for fermentation to produce ethanol. As the system operates at low temperature, it will not cause degradation of sugars such as those treated with the high-temperatures involved in many systems discussed.

The invention discloses a method for producing ethanol by high-efficiency simultaneous saccharification and cofermentation, which comprises the following steps: pretreating; concentrating and detoxifying; preparing yeast seed solution; performing simultaneous saccharification and cofermentation; and distilling/rectifying. When the method provided by the invention is used, the inhibition action of a monosaccharide component formed by hydrolysis of cellulose on cellulose is relieved, the enzymolysis saccharification efficiency and fermentation yield are improved, the recovery rate of hemicelluloses in bagasse is about 60 percent, the cellulose recovery rate is about 86 percent, and the total ethanol yield of dry bagasse can reach about 20 percent.

The invention discloses a preparation method of a magnetic biomimetic carbon-based solid acid catalyst. Enzymatically decomposed residual lignin serves as a starting raw material, a chlorine-containing compound serves as a dopant, and the magnetic biomimetic carbon-based solid acid catalyst is obtained after pretreatment, dipping, evaporation, carbonization and sulfonation are performed in sequence. The obtained catalyst further contains a chlorine group (-Cl) besides a carboxyl group (-COOH), phenolic hydroxyl (Ph-OH) and a sulfonic group (-SO3H) and can improve cellulose adsorption ability and enhance the cellulose hydrolysis capacity, the raw materials are low in price, the manufacturing cost is low, the high efficiency of inorganic acid hydrolysis, adsorption directionality of cellulose enzyme and recycling of magnetic solid acid are effectively coupled, and the preparation method has important practical significance on development of a green environmentally-friendly cellulose hydrolysis technology.

The invention discloses an integrated treatment method for high-salinity and high-concentration refractory organic wastewater resulted from cellulose ether production. The method comprises the steps of (1) carrying out pretreatment on to-be-treated wastewater through coagulating sedimentation and fenton reaction in sequence; (2) carrying out biochemical treatment on fenton reaction effluent through cellulase hydrolysis, anaerobic treatment, first-stage contact oxidation and second-stage contact oxidation in sequence, feeding cellulose to carry out degradation, anaerobic treatment, first-stage contact oxidation and second-stage contact oxidation processes on the wastewater in the cellulose hydrolysis process, adding a salt-tolerant fungicide of producing the cellulose ether to carry out strengthened treatment on the wastewater; and (3) carrying out deep treatment on second-stage contact oxidation effluent through the fenton reaction and finally discharging the effluent. Compared with an existing treatment method, the integrated technology has the characteristics of being high in pertinence, economic and environment-friendly; and problems that the wastewater is high in salinity, high in concentration and refractory are solved for enterprises that produce the cellulose ether.

The invention relates to a method for preparing isosorbide through cellulose, and belongs to the preparation field of synthesizing renewable energy sources and chemicals by utilizing of biomasses. The method comprises a step of hydrolyzing the cellulose under a dual-function catalyst of metal-solid acid and adding hydrogen to obtain reaction liquid containing sorbitol, and a step of catalyzing and dehydrating the reaction liquid containing the sorbitol through the solid acid to obtain the isosorbide. According to the method, liquid acid does not need to be added, the reaction liquid containing the sorbitol does not need to be separated and purified, wherein the reaction liquid is obtained by hydrolyzing the cellulose and adding the hydrogen. The method has the advantages that raw material is the cellulose which is abundant, low in cost and environment-friendly, the yield of the isosorbide reaches up to 56.3%, the catalyst is easy to separate and recycle, a very valuable new channel is provided for transferring the cellulose into high value-added chemicals, and the method has a good industrialization application prospect.

The invention discloses a graphite-like g-C3N4/montmorillonite composite material and an application thereof in cellulose hydrolysis. The g-C3N4/montmorillonite composite material is prepared through the following steps of (1) mixing montmorillonite and deionized water and then stirring evenly to obtain a mixture for later use; (2) adding a nitrogen-containing compound to the mixture obtained in the step (1), carrying out exchange adsorption to obtain homogenate; (3) washing the homogenate prepared in the step (2) for multiple times and carrying out centrifugal separation; (4) drying lower solid obtained through centrifugal separation at 50-120 DEG C for 5-24h; and (5) grinding solid dried in the step (4) into powder, heating the powder in a nitrogen atmosphere to 200-800 DEG C, roasting at constant temperature for 1-10h, and naturally cooling after roasting is completed to obtain the product graphite-like g-C3N4/montmorillonite composite material. The invention provides an application of the graphite-like g-C3N4/montmorillonite composite material as a catalyst in cellulose hydrolysis. The graphite-like g-C3N4/montmorillonite composite material has good catalytic performance.