The present invention provides a production process of medlar essential oil and edible meal powder. The production process comprises: pressing medlar or seed thereof into a billet, carrying out subcritical extraction, carrying out solid-liquid separation after the extraction to obtain a solid wet meal and a mixed solution, carrying out desorption evaporation on the mixed solution to remove the extractant so as to obtain the crude oil, further carrying out molecular distillation refining on the crude oil to obtain the medlar functional essential oil, completely removing the residual solvent from the solid wet meal, carrying out low-temperature drying, puffing, milling, and powder making, and screening with a 100-180 mesh sieve so as to obtain the medlar edible meal powder. With the method of the present invention, the complex processes that the chemical and physical methods are used to perform deacidification, decolorizing, deodorization and the like in the traditional grease refining are eliminated, the process is short, the efficiency is high, the acid value of the essential oil after the molecule distillation is 0.21-0.23 mg/g, and the essential oil meets the national grade-one edible oil standard. In addition, the oil-extracted meal powder obtained through the method of the present invention still contains all the nutrition and active components and pharmacological functions of the medlar or seeds excluding the oil, and is the high-quality additive for preparing the food or health product.