This invention discloses a hole transport material, its preparation method, and its applications, relating to the field of photovoltaic materials technology. The hole transport material provided by this invention has the
chemical formula shown in Formula I. The conjugated direction groups used as end groups are selected from
carbazole,
phenothiazine,
phenoxazine, or dibenzocarbazole groups, which possess excellent carrier transport performance. Simultaneously, this invention selects α-hydroxyphosphonic acid groups as unique anchoring groups for self-assembled molecules, enabling the self-assembled molecules to form a stronger anchor with the
metal oxide substrate, thereby forming a dense and uniform self-assembled layer, significantly improving the
photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability of
perovskite solar cells. The α-hydroxyphosphonic acid groups also have an interface
passivation effect. This hole transport material, as a
perovskite material layer in HTMs (Hyperoxyterephthalic Acid Transformers) cells or modules, helps improve
cell efficiency and lifespan, optimize
cell structure, reduce costs, and achieve large-area production and industrialization.