1100 results about "Protic solvent" patented technology

A process for the production of metal nanoparticles. Nanoparticles are formed by combining a metal compound with a solution that comprises a polyol and a substance that is capable of being adsorbed on the nanoparticles. The nanoparticles are precipitated by adding a nanoparticle-precipitating liquid in a sufficient amount to precipitate at least a substantial portion of the nanoparticles and of a protic solvent in a sufficient amount to improve the separation of the nanoparticles from the liquid phase.

The present invention relates to a composite membrane for gas separation and/or nanofiltration of a feed stream solution comprising a solvent and dissolved solutes and showing preferential rejection of the solutes. The composite membrane comprises a separating layer with intrinsic microporosity. The separating layer is suitably formed by interfacial polymerisation on a support membrane. Suitably, at least one of the monomers used in the interfacial polymerisation reaction should possess concavity, resulting in a network polymer with interconnected nanopores and a membrane with enhanced permeability. The support membrane may be optionally impregnated with a conditioning agent and may be optionally stable in organic solvents, particularly in polar aprotic solvents. The top layer of the composite membrane is optionally capped with functional groups to change the surface chemistry. The composite membrane may be cured in the oven to enhance rejection. Finally, the composite membrane may be treated with an activating solvent prior to nanofiltration.

An object of the present invention is to provide a solid polymer electrolyte membrane in which a polyazole-based compound is uniformly mixed with a perfluorocarbonsulfonic acid resin. Thus, the present invention provides a solid polymer electrolyte membrane for solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell, which has high durability, as well as a membrane electrode assembly and a solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell, each containing the same. The inventive solid polymer electrolyte membrane is produced by a method which comprises a polymer electrolyte-containing solution preparation step of dissolving a perfluorocarbonsulfonic acid resin (component A) having an ion-exchange capacity of 0.5 to 3.0 meq/g, a polyazole-based compound (component B) and an alkali metal hydroxide in a protic solvent to prepare a polymer electrolyte-containing solution in which a weight ratio of the component A to component B, (A/B), is from 2.3 to 199 and a total weight of the component A and the component B is from 0.5 to 30% by weight; and a membrane formation step of forming a membrane from the polymer electrolyte-containing solution.

The invention discloses a method for preparing polyimide/silicon dioxide hollow microballoon laminated film which has low dielectric constant and keeps thermal property, and steps of reaction are that: silicon dioxide hollow microballoon is put into ethanol solution, amino-containing silane coupling agent is added after ultra sonic dispersion, stirred for reaction, separated centrifugally, washed and dried; then under the protection of nitrogen flow, the dianhydride and the diamine with a mole-ratio 1:1 are added into the high boiling polarity aprotic solvent to prepare solvent containing 10 percent (wt/wt) of solid-content; the silicon dioxide hollow microballoon modified by silane coupling agent is put into the solvent, and the weight of the silicon dioxide hollow microballoon modified by the silane coupling agent is 2-50 percent of the weight of laminated film, the polyamide acid viscous fluid is prepared upon ultra sonic dispersion and a reaction of twenty-four hours at room temperature; the polyamide acid viscous fluid is taken and poured into the glass plate mould; finally the mould is put in vacuum to dry, the temperature is heated up continuously after the solvent is removed for cyclic reaction. Thus, the polyimide/silicon dioxide hollow microballoon laminated film is prepared..

The invention concerns a radiopaque, non-biodegradable, water-insoluble iodinated benzyl ether of poly(vinyl alcohol) consisting of a PVA having covalently grafted thereon iodinated benzyl groups comprising 1-4 iodine atoms per benzyl group, a process for preparing the same comprising reacting a 0-100% hydrolyzed PVA with a iodinated benzyl derivative comprising 1-4 iodine atoms per benzyl group in a polar aprotic solvent in the presence of a base in anhydrous conditions. Said iodo-benzylether-PVA is particularly useful as embolic agent in an injectable embolizing composition. The invention also concerns an injectable embolizing composition comprising said iodo-benzylether-PVA and capable of forming a cohesive mass upon contact with a body fluid by precipitation of the iodo-benzylether-PVA. Said injectable embolizing composition is particularly useful for forming in-situ a cohesive mass in a blood vessel or into a tumor. The invention further concerns a coating composition containing said iodo-benzylether-PVA and capable of forming a radiopaque coating on a medical device. The invention further concerns particles formed of said iodo-benzylether-PVA.

A method, an electrode, a measuring cell, and a measuring device are disclosed which can detect and quantitatively determine an analyte having specific bonding properties, in a highly sensitive, simple and accurate manner using photocurrent. This method comprises contacting a working electrode and a counter electrode with an electrolyte medium, wherein the working electrode has an analyte immobilized thereon through a probe substance and wherein the analyte is bonded to a sensitizing dye; irradiating the working electrode with light to photoexcite the sensitizing dye; and detecting photocurrent flowing between the working electrode and the counter electrode, wherein the photocurrent is generated by transfer of electrons from the photoexcited sensitizing dye to the working electrode. The working electrode comprises an electron accepting layer comprising an electron accepting substance capable of accepting electrons released from the sensitizing dye in response to photoexcitation, wherein the probe substance is supported on a surface of the electron accepting layer. The electron accepting substance is an oxide semiconductor having an energy level lower than that of a lowest unoccupied molecular orbit (LUMO) of the sensitizing dye. The electrolyte medium comprises an electrolyte and at least one solvent selected from an aprotic solvent and a protic solvent, wherein the electrolyte comprises a salt capable of providing an oxidized sensitizing dye with electrons.

An easier method is provided to manufacture a light emitting device that can display a full-color image using a polymeric organic compound. In the present invention, some of polymeric organic compounds are dissolved in a protic solvent while the others are dissolved in an aprotic solvent and the obtained solutions are applied to form organic compound films having laminate structures. A conductive film to serve as an etching stopper is formed on the organic compound films, so that portions of the organic compound films that do not overlap the conductive film are etched away. By using wet etching and dry etching in combination, different organic compound films each composed of a plurality of polymeric organic compounds can be formed in different light emitting elements on the same substrate.

The present invention relates to a composite membrane for nanofiltration of a feed stream solution comprising a solvent and dissolved solutes and showing preferential rejection of the solutes. The composite membrane comprises a thin polymeric film formed by interfacial polymerisation on a support membrane. The support membrane is further impregnated with a conditioning agent and is stable in polar aprotic solvents. The composite membrane is optionally treated in a quenching medium, where the interfacial polymerisation reaction can be quenched and, in certain embodiments, membrane chemistry can be modified. Finally the composite membrane is treated with an activating solvent prior to nanofiltration.

The invention provides processes for the preparation of morphinans having a tertiary amine. In particular, the present invention provides processes for the formation of tertiary amine alkaloids by direct N-alkylation of secondary amine alkaloids, the processes co-mediated by an alkylating agent and a protic solvent or a mixture of a protic solvent and an aprotic solvent.

This invention relates to a method for preparing an organic film at the surface of a solid support, with a step of contacting said surface with a liquid solution including (i) at least one protic solvent, (ii) at least one adhesion primer, under non-electrochemical conditions, and allowing the formation of radical entities based on the adhesion primer. The liquid solution can also include (iii) at least one monomer different from the adhesion primer and radically polymerisable. This invention also relates to a non-electrically-conductive solid support on which an organic film according to said method is grafted, and a kit for preparing an essentially polymeric organic film at the surface of a solid support.

A method of synthesizing 4-R-substituted anthracyclines and their corresponding salts from 4-demethyldaunorubicin includes the steps of treating 4-demethyldaunorubicin with a sulfonylating agent to form 4-demethyl-4-sulfonyl-R₃-daunorubicin. 4-Demethyl-4-R₃-sulfonyl-daunorubicin is then subject to a reducing agent in the presence of a transition metal catalyst in a temperature range of about 30° C. to about 100° C. in a polar aprotic solvent in an inert atmosphere. Protected 4-demethoxy-4-R-daunomycin then undergoes hydrolysis in a basic solution to form the 4-R-substituted anthracyclines. The novel method lacks the step of forming a stereospecific glycoside bond between aglycone and aminoglycoside. The method also increases the yield of the final product up to 30 to 40%.

A resin-impregnated base substrate is provided by immersing a sheet in an aromatic liquid crystal polyester solution composition so that the polyester is impregnated into the sheet, and removing the solvent. The composition comprises 20 to 50 parts by weight of an aromatic liquid crystal polyester and 100 parts by weight of an aprotic solvent having no halogen atom, wherein the sheet comprises fiber selected from the group consisting of polyolefin resin fiber, fluorocarbon resin fiber, aramid resin fiber, glass fiber, ceramic fiber and carbon fiber.

Three methods for the preparation of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS) using the action of bases capable of attacking silicon atoms or any other compounds capable of reacting with protic solvents (such as ROH, H2O, etc.) and producing hydroxides[ OH]-, alkoxide [RO]- and other compounds. The first method utilizes these bases to effectively redistribute the silicon-oxygen framework in polymerized silsesquioxane [RSiO1.5]∞ into POSS nanostructures, that is, the formula [(RSiO1.5)n]∑ The homoleptic segment shown in #, the functionalized homoleptic segment shown in [(RXSiO1.5)n]∑#, the heterogeneous segment shown in [(RSiO1.5)m(R'SiO1.5)n]∑# Segment (heteroleptic) and {(RSiO1.5)m(RXSiO1.0)n}∑ #shown as a functionalized heterosegment nanostructure, where ∞=1-1,000,000 or higher. The second method uses a base to help form POSS nanostructures from silane RSiX3 and linear or cyclic silsesquioxanes of the formula RX2Si-(OSiRX)m-OSiRX2, that is, the formula [(RSiO1.5)n ]∑#, the homogeneous segment shown in [(RSiO1.5)m(R'SiO1.5)n]∑# and the miscellaneous segment shown in [(RSiO1.5)m(RXSiO1.0)n]∑# Functionalized heterosegment nanostructures, where m=0-10, X=OH, Cl, Br, I, alkoxide OR, acetate OOCR, peroxide OOR, amine NR2, isocyanate NCO and R. The third method utilizes bases to selectively open silicon-oxygen-silicon (Si-O-Si) bonds in the POSS structure to form POSS species with incompletely condensed nanostructures. These methods also provide control over the stereochemistry of X. The three methods can generate new POSS species, which can be finally transformed into POSS species suitable for polymerization, grafting or other desired chemical reactions after additional chemical control.

There are disclosed electrolytes comprising solutions of lithium salts with large anions in polar aprotic solvents with a particular concentration of background salts. The concentration of the background salts is selected to be equal or close to the concentration of a saturated solution of these salts in the aprotic solvents used. The electrolytes disclosed can be used in chemical sources of electric energy such as secondary (rechargeable) cells and batteries comprising sulphur-based positive active materials. The use of such electrolytes increases cycling efficiency and cycle life of the cells and batteries.

The invention discloses a method for preparing a multi-shell hollow structure metal organic framework material. The method comprises: preparing a metal organic framework material (MOF), dispersing in a protic solvent, and etching to obtain monolayer hollow MOF; epitaxially growing by using the MOF as a crystal seed to obtain MOF@MOF, dispersing in a protic solvent, and etching to obtain double-layer hollow MOF; and repeatedly performing epitaxial growth to obtain multi-shell MOF, and finally etching to obtain the multi-shell hollow structure MOF. According to the present invention, the method has advantages of simpleness, easy performing, mild condition, high safety and broad application prospect, and can obtain the multi-shell hollow MOF.

The electrolyte includes a magnesium salt having the formula Mg(BX₄)₂ where X is selected from H, F and O-alkyl. The electrolyte also includes a solvent, the magnesium salt being dissolved in the solvent. Various solvents including aprotic solvents and molten salts such as ionic liquids may be utilized.

Procedures are described which use solvents to increase the topical insecticidal activity of toxic insect peptides. These procedures comprise drying the peptides, if needed, followed by the addition of either: 1) a polar organic solvent, with or without water, to a dried peptide, or 2) the addition of polar aprotic solvent or other adjuvant to the dried peptide, followed by the addition of either: 1) a polar organic solvent, with or without water, (where a polar aprotic solvent is added first) or 2) a polar aprotic solvent or other adjuvant to the peptide polar organic solvent (where the polar organic solvent is added first), to the peptide formulation.