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This invention provides a tunable on-chip frequency conversion system, comprising: a first laser for generating laser light of a first wavelength; a second laser for generating laser light of a second wavelength; an adjustable laser array, including at least one third laser for generating laser light of a third wavelength; a first photodetector for beating the first combined beam to obtain a fixed local oscillator signal; a second photodetector for beating the second combined beam to obtain an adjustable local oscillator signal; an electro-combiner for mixing the signal to be converted with the fixed local oscillator signal to obtain a mixed signal; an electro-optic modulator for modulating the third split beam, the mixed signal, and the adjustable local oscillator signal to form an optical carrier signal; and a third photodetector for beating the optical carrier signal to obtain a converted signal. This system employs double-conversion technology to achieve high-quality signal conversion, has tunability advantages, and can be widely applied in fields such as microwave photonic signal processing.