The invention discloses an electrochemical membrane bioreactor. The electrochemical membrane bioreactor comprises an anode chamber, an anode, a filtering separation membrane and an air cathode, wherein a water inlet pipe is arranged on the anode chamber, an electro-microorganism is adhered to the anode, the anode and the air cathode are connected through a conducting wire, the anode chamber is of an enclosed structure, a through hole is formed in the wall of the anode chamber, a filtering separation membrane is sheathed on the outer side of the through hole, the air cathode is sheathed on the outer side of the filtering separation membrane, and a cathode microorganism is adhered to the air cathode. The electrochemical membrane bioreactor provided by the invention has the advantages that after waste water is sequentially treated through the anode, the filtering separation membrane and the cathode, high-quality effluent is obtained, and the air cathode is exposed in air, so that the energy consumption behaviors such as manual aeration and oxygenation are avoided, thus the energy consumption is reduced while wastewater is treated.