The invention discloses a method for testing the rapid solidification behavior and the solidification heat flow of a metal material. A vacuum pump and a deep deoxygenation device are used for regulating and controlling protective atmosphere, an induction coil is used for heating and melting a metal material sample, inert protective gas is introduced into a quartz glass tube through a pulse air pressure controller, a metal molten drop is injected to the upper surface of a water cooling copper mould, the change pattern of a metal molten drop solidification process is captured through a high-speed pick-up device on site in real time, meanwhile, a temperature data acquisition device is synchronously started, the temperatures of two thermocouples embedded in the upper vertical position and the lower vertical position of the center of the cooling copper mould are collected and stored, the work of the high-speed pick-up device and the temperature acquisition device can be stopped after the metal molten drop is completely solidified, and then, the analysis and conversion calculation of collected information can be carried out so as to obtain an image which reflects the solidification behavior of the metal material and the change rule of the heat flow in a solidification process. The method has the advantages of convenience and simpleness in operation, good stability, low test cost, high detection efficiency, visual and intuitive result, high accuracy, wide applicable range and the like.