The invention provides a method for simultaneously detecting salicylic acid, aristolochic acid A, sodium cyclamate and beta-naphthol. According to the method, in the extraction process, the interference of partial interference substances in a sample to be detected to the salicylic acid, the aristolochic acid A, the sodium cyclamate and the beta-naphthol is shielded; moreover, when mass spectrometric detection is carried out, the contents of the salicylic acid, the aristolochic acid A, the sodium cyclamate and the beta-naphthol in the sample to be detected are more accurately tested in an electro-spraying ionization anion and multi-reaction monitoring scanning mode through quantitative determination of second-level ion fragments. Besides, by utilizing the method provided by the invention, the detection on the salicylic acid, the aristolochic acid A, the sodium cyclamate and the beta-naphthol is simultaneously realized, the interference of similar compounds is eliminated, the accuracy and the reliability of the detected components are ensured, the detection sensitivity is high, the repeatability is good, and high accuracy and precision are achieved; the method is applicable to rapid quantitative screening and evaluation on the salicylic acid, the aristolochic acid A, the sodium cyclamate and the beta-naphthol in cigarette additives.