598 results about "Gamma-Butyrolactone" patented technology

Desirable electrolyte compositions are described that are suitable for high voltage lithium ion batteries with a rated charge voltage at least about 4.45 volts. The electrolyte compositions can comprise ethylene carbonate and solvent composition selected from the group consisting of dimethyl carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, γ-butyrolactone, γ-valerolactone or a combination thereof. The electrolyte can further comprise a stabilization additive. The electrolytes can be effectively used with lithium rich positive electrode active materials.

An electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery and a lithium secondary battery having the electrolyte, the electrolyte including a lithium salt; a non-aqueous organic solvent including γ-butyrolactone-; and a succinic anhydride.

The present invention is drawn to ink compositions and methods for ink-jet recording. The ink compositions can include a milled pigment, a surfactant, a non-aqueous co-solvent system, and at least 2 wt % resin solubilized in the ink composition. The non-aqueous solvent system comprises a main co-solvent system, where each co-solvent of this system has a surface tension less than 32 dynes/cm at 25° C. The co-solvent system also includes gamma butyrolactone and a second co-solvent system. The second co-solvent system includes one or more co-solvent(s), each having a surface tension of greater than 32 dynes/cm at 25° C. The second co-solvent system or other components can optionally act to increase the overall surface tension of the ink composition as a whole.

This invention pertains to a process for making alpha-methylenelactones and alpha-substituted hydrocarbylidene lactones. The present invention obtains high yields of alpha-methylene-gamma-butyrolactone by heating gamma-butyrolactone and formaldehyde in the presence of a base.

A photoresist stripper composition is made up of a mixture of an acetic acid ester, gamma-butyrolactone (GBL), and a non-acetate ester or a poly alkyl alcohol derivative. The acetic acid ester may be at least one of n-butyl acetate, amyl acetate, ethyl aceto-acetate, and isopropyl acetate. The non-acetate ester may be at least one of ethyl lactate (EL), ethyl-3-ethoxy propionate (EEP) and methyl-3-methoxy (MMP). The poly alkyl alcohol derivative may be at least one of propylene glycol monomethyl ester (PGME) and propylene glycol monomethyl ester acetate (PGMEA).

The invention relates to a method for producing 1, 4-butanediol and co-producing tetrahydrofuran and gamma-butyrolactone. The method comprises the following steps that: maleic dialkyl ester and/or succinic acid dialkyl ester are/is used as raw material; under hydrogen existence and reaction conditions, reaction material passes through a first catalyst bed layer of CuO-AO-BO, wherein AO is Cr2O3 and/or ZnO, and BO is one or a plurality of Ba, Mg, Ti, Ce, Si, Zr and Mn oxides; then the reaction material passes through a second catalyst bed layer of CuO-MO-Al2O3, wherein MO is one or a plurality of Mn, Zn, Ba, Mg, Ti, Ce, Si and Zr oxides. Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages that: the raw material conversion rate is more than 99 percent; the total selectivity of 1, 4-butanediol, tetrahydrofuran and gamma-butyrolactone is more than 99 percent; the catalyst stability is good.

The invention discloses low-temperature organic electrolyte taking gamma-butyrolactone as a base solvent and a preparation method thereof. The organic electrolyte comprises a solvent and lithium tetrafluoroborate (LiBF4), wherein the solvent is a mixture of cyclic gamma-butyrolactone, chain carbonic ester and chain carboxylic ester. The organic electrolyte is suitable to be used by a non-graphite-based cathode lithium ion capacitor, a non-graphite-based cathode lithium ion battery and a non-graphite-based cathode lithium ion system. Compared with the formula of the traditional electrolyte, the organic electrolyte greatly improves the low-temperature performance of an electrochemical device and prolongs the cyclic service life of the electrochemical device on the basis of ensuring the electrochemical performance, and meanwhile is favorable for the safety of the electrochemical device; and the formula of the electrolyte is suitable for the non-graphite-based cathode lithium ion capacitor, the non-graphite-based cathode lithium ion battery and the non-graphite-based cathode lithium ion capacitance battery.

An electrolyte for rechargeable batteries with a negative electrode of lithium or lithium containing alloys comprising: one or several non-aqueous organic solvents, one or several lithium salts and one or several additives increasing the cycle life of the lithium electrode. The electrolyte solution may comprise one or several solvents selected from the group comprising: tetrahydrofurane, 2-methyltetrahydrofurane, dimethylcarbonate, diethylcarbonate, ethylmethylcarbonate, methylpropylcarbonate, methylpropylpropyonate, ethylpropylpropyonate, methylacetate, ethylacetate, propylacetate, dimetoxyethane, 1,3-dioxalane, diglyme (2-methoxyethil ether), tetraglyme, ethylenecarbonate, propylencarbonate, γ-butyrolactone, and sulfolane. The electrolyte solution may further comprise at least one salt or several salts selected from the group consisting of lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF₆), lithium hexafluoroarsenate (LiAsF₆), lithium perchlorate (LiClO₄), lithium sulfonylimid trifluoromethane (LiN(CF₃SO₂)₂)) and lithium trifluorosulfonate (CF₃SO₃Li) or other lithium salts or salts of another alkali metal or a mixture thereof. Also disclosed is an electrochemical cell or battery with an anode of metallic lithium or a lithium-containing alloy, and such an electrolyte.

The present invention provides a nonaqueoxus electrolyte secondary battery, comprising an electrode group including a positive electrode, a negative electrode including a material for absorbing-desorbing lithium ions, and a separator arranged between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, a nonaqueous electrolyte impregnated in the electrode group and including a nonaqueous solvent and a lithium salt dissolved in the nonaqueous solvent, and a jacket for housing the electrode group and having a thickness of 0.3 mm or less, wherein the nonaqueous solvent γ-butyrolactone in an amount larger than 50% by volume and not larger than 95% by volume based on the total amount of the nonaqueous solvent.

The present invention provides an electrolyte for electrochromic devices, the substance comprising γ-butyrolactone (gamma-butyrolactone or GBL). The electrolyte may include polymethylmethacrylate. The electrolyte may further include a salt, such as a salt that includes lithium perchlorate or trifluorosulfonimide. In accordance with further aspects to the invention, the electrolyte may include propylene carbonate.

The invention discloses a synthetic process of 1-chloro-cyclopropanecarbonyl chloride, which belongs to the technical field of fine chemical processes. The process is implemented by taking alpha-acetyl-gamma-butyrolactone and sulfonyl chloride as raw materials through the steps of chlorinating, ring cleavage, cyclization, and re-chlorinating, so that a target product is obtained. The synthetic process is implemented by taking cheap industrial chemicals as raw materials and reaction reagents, and by using a single solvent system, a smooth process connection is achieved, so that the reaction yield is improved, the process operation is simplified, the cost of raw materials is reduced, and the cost of production is lowered.

A process for preparing gamma-butyrolactone and/or 1,4-butanediol by use of Cr-free catalyst includes making the the dialkyl maleate and/or dialkyl succinate in contact with hydrocatalyst, reacting at 170-300 deg.c and 0.1-15 hr under 0.1-7 Mpa, and collecting products. Said hydrocatalyst is CuMnaAlbOc, where a=0.01-1.5, b=0.1-2 and c is number of necessary oxygen atoms. Its advantage is controllable ratio between both products.

The invention discloses a novel catalyst used in maleic anhydride liquid phase hydrogenation for preparing gamma-butyrolactone. The catalyst is characterized in that: the catalyst is composed of a carrier, a main active component, and an auxiliary agent. The main active component is metal nickel, the auxiliary agent is molybdenum, and the carrier is active carbon. The product provided by the invention is advantaged in that: according to the invention, when the 20% Ni-Mo/AC catalyst prepared by using a co-impregnation method is used in a maleic anhydride hydrogenation, a result shows that the activity of the novel catalyst prepared with the co-impregnation method is high, and a gamma-butyrolactone yield reaches 97.6%. The invention also provides a preparation method for the novel catalyst used in the maleic anhydride hydrogenation for preparing gamma-butyrolactone, such that the product can be obtained.

A non-aqueous electrolyte of the present invention contains a lithium salt (A), a quaternary ammonium salt (B) containing a straight chain alkyl group having carbon atoms of 4 or less and a solvent (C) composed of at least one compound selected from the group consisting of ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, γ-butyrolactone, dimethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dimethoxyethane, ethoxymethoxyethane and diethoxyethane. The molar ratio C/A of the solvent (C) to the lithium salt (A) or the molar ratio C/B of the solvent (C) to the ammonium salt (B) is 6 or less. The non-aqueous electrolyte has a single phase. Consequently, there can be obtained a non-aqueous electrolyte of a high ion concentration having an excellent oxidation resistance and reduction resistance.

An electrolyte includes a lithium salt, a non-aqueous organic solvent, gamma-butyrolactone and halogenated toluene represented by the following formula 1:

wherein X represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, Br and I, and n represents an integer of 1 to 5. The lithium ion secondary battery including the electrolyte provides improved safety under overcharge and high-temperature storage conditions.

A semiconductor wafer cleaning formulation for use in post plasma ashing semiconductor fabrication comprising at least one organic chelating agent and at least one polar solvent, wherein the chelating agent and polar solvent are in sufficient amounts to effectively remove inorganic compound residue from a semiconductor wafer. Preferably, the chelating agent is selected from the group consisting of 2,4-Pentanedione, Malonic acid, Oxalic acid, p-Toluenesulfonic acid, and Trifluoroacetic acid; and the polar solvent is selected from the group consisting of Water, Ethylene glycol, N-Methylpyrrolidone (NMP), Gamma butyrolactone (BLO), Cyclohexylpyrrolidone (CHP), Sulfolane, 1,4-Butanediol, and Butyl carbitol.

Disclosed is a lithium secondary battery comprising: (a) a cathode; (b) an anode; (c) a separator; and (d) a non-aqueous electrolyte comprising a lithium salt and an organic solvent, wherein the cathode comprises a cathode active material, doped with at least one element selected from the group consisting of Sn, Al and Zr, or containing the element in the form of a solid solution, and the non-aqueous electrolyte comprises a lithium-containing inorganic salt and a lithium imide salt dissociated in at least one organic solvent including gamma-butyrolactone (GBL). The lithium secondary battery can minimize side reactions between both electrodes and gamma-butyrolactone (GBL), used as a conventional electrolyte for a battery, and thus can provide high capacity, long service life and improved quality at high-temperature.

Gamma-butyrolactone (“GBL”) and Gamma-hydroxybutyrate (“GHB”) having a unique carbon footprint as defined by the percent modern carbon (pmc) are described herein. The percent modern carbon can be controlled by varying the amounts of biobased, renewable starting materials and petroleum-based starting materials to prepare GBL or GHB having a defined pmc or by preparing mixtures of GBL or GHB prepared from biobased renewable starting materials and GBL or GHB prepared from petroleum-based starting materials.

Provided herein are metabolically modified microorganisms characterized by having an increased keto-acid flux when compared with the wild-type organism and comprising at least one polynucleotide encoding an enzyme, and causing the production of a greater quantity of a chemical product when compared with the wild-type organism. The recombinant microorganisms are useful for producing a large number of chemical compositions from various nitrogen containing biomass compositions and other carbon sources. More specifically, provided herein are methods of producing alcohols, acetaldehyde, acetate, isobutyraldehyde, isobutyric acid, n- butyraldehyde, n-butyric acid, 2-methyl-l-butyraldehyde, 2-methyl-l -butyric acid, 3- methyl-l-butyraldehyde, 3 -methyl- 1 -butyric acid, ammonia, ammonium, amino acids, 2,3-butanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 2-methyl-l, 4-butanediol, 2-methyl- 1,4-butanediamine, isobutene, itaconate, acetoin, acetone, isobutene, 1,5-diaminopentane, L-lactic acid, D- lactic acid, shikimic acid, mevalonate, polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), isoprenoids, fatty acids, homoalanine, 4-aminobutyric acid (GABA), succinic acid, malic acid, citric acid, adipic acid, p-hydroxy-cinnamic acid, tetrahydrofuran, 3-methyl-tetrahydrofuran, gamma-butyrolactone, pyrrolidinone, n-methylpyrrolidone, aspartic acid, lysine, cadeverine, 2-ketoadipic acid, and/or S-adenosyl-methionine (SAM), from a suitable nitrogen rich biomass.

The new method for preparing high crystallinity monodisperse water-soluble magnetic nano microparticles is characterized by that it selects the inorganic iron salts of anhydrous iron trichloride and iron chloride, etc. or metal organic iron compounds (such as iron pentacarbonyl, iron triacetylacetonate, iron biacetylacetonate, complex of cupferron and iron salt, iron octoate and ferric oxalate, etc.) as iron raw material, and utilizes high-temp. decomposition of them in high boiling point polar solvent (for example alpha-pyrrolidone and its derivatives (N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone, etc.), N,N-dimethyl-2-imidazolone, hexametapol, gamma-butyrolactone and its derivative and low molecular weight (molecular weight M is less than or equal to 5000) polyglycol and its derivatives) to prepare magnetic nano microparticles. Said invention can adopts different iron raw materials and high boiling point polar solvents so as to obtain different types of magnetic nano microparticles (Fe, Fe2O3 and Fe3O4) with different sizes and crystallinities and different crystal structures.