The invention relates to a vanadyl phosphate catalyst, an intensified preparation method by low congruent melting solvent, and application of the vanadyl phosphate catalyst. The method comprises the following steps: 1) mixing a vanadium source, low congruent melting solvent, benzyl alcohol and C3-C8 monohydric alcohol to obtain mixed materials, and reacting, wherein the low congruent melting solvent is formed by choline chloride and organic polyhydric alcohols; 2) mixing a reaction product obtained in 1) with a phosphorus source, raising the temperature to 100-200DEG C, and continuously reacting to obtain a vanadyl phosphate precursor; 3) roasting to obtain the vanadyl phosphate catalyst. The method is characterized in that green and low-price low congruent melting solvent is subjected tointensified preparation to obtain the vanadyl phosphate catalyst, the defects of secondary pollution, high cost, complex preparation process and the like since the performance of the vanadyl phosphatecatalyst is improved on the basis of noble metal are overcome. When the vanadyl phosphate catalyst is used for catalytic normal butane selectivity oxidation maleic anhydride reaction, the difficulties including low yield, poor selectivity and the like, are solved, and defects of high cost and serious pollution in a traditional catalyst improvement method are overcome.